1、If you want to telephone him, you will have to____the number.
A.look at
B.look through
C.look to
D.look up
2、After the campaign a special medal was____to all combatants.
A.gained
B.awarded
C.deserved
D.donated
3、He spoke so quickly that I didn’t____what he said.
A.catch
B.receive
C.listen
D.accept
4、This young tree could not have been damaged by accident; I believe it was done____.
A.in fact
B.on purpose
C.by plan
D.by appointment
5、He is not so well off, for he lives from hand to____.
A.nose
B.mouth
C.face
D.head
6、Being extremely____to the cold, I do not like skiing.
A.insensitive
B.sensible
C.senseless
D.sensitive
7、It’s much more_____to buy a season ticket if you travel every day.
A.cheap
B.nomical
C.nomic
D.saving
8、He looked for a table to sit down at, but they were all____.
A.Used up
B.Engaged
C.Filled in
D.Occupied
9、Your library card____next month, you’ll have to get a new one if you want to borrow more books.
A.discloses
B.closes
C.expires
D.surpasses
10、You won’t find a greater variety of flowers anywhere else on____.
A.soil
B.ground
C.earth
D.world
11、She was an (unlikely) candidate for the position.
A.improbable
B.unpopular
C.unqualified
D.dishonest
12、I suppose he will give it to you (eventually).
A.in a way
B.in due course
C.in the end
D.in any case
13、I like George; he is so (down-to-earth).
A.practical
B.friendly
C.amusing
D.honest
14、Peter is (experiencing) a difficult period in his life.
A.going into
B.going out of
C.going over
D.going through
15、John was (reluctant) to come.
A.glad to come
B.unable to come
C.hesitant about coming
D.planning to come
16、Don’t get upset about (trivial) matters.
A.unexpected
B.unusual
C.unimportant
D.uncertain
17、She (longed) to be envied and sought after.
A.hoped
B.wished
C.was eager
D.wanted
18、The teachers want to (do away with) cheating in their school.
A.put an end to
B.retain
C.do credit to
D.substitute for
19、The mail was (delayed) for two days because of the snow-storm.
A.held in
B.held up
C.held down
D.held off
20、He is always (under the weather).
A.travelling
B.sick
C.away
D.unconscious
第一篇
Types of Blood You have been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give you a blood transfusion because you lost a great deal of blood in the accident. Howev er, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for you. If the blood is t oo different from your own, the transfusion could kill you. There are four basic types of blood: A, B, AB, and O. A simple test can ind icate a person’s blood type. Everybody is born with one of these four types of b lood. Blood type, like hair color and height, is inherited from parents. Because of substances contained in each type, the four groups must be transf used carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, b ut AB may receive A or B. O can give to any other group; hence, it is often call ed the universal donor. For the opposite reason, AB is sometimes called the univ ersal recipient. However, because so many reactions can occur in transfusions, p atients usually receive only salt or plasma ( liquid ) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. In this way , it is possible to avoid any bad reactions to the transfusion. There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality. Among Europeans and people of European ancestry, about 42 percent have type A while 45 percent have type O. The rarest is type AB. Other races have different percenta ges. For example, some American Indian groups have nearly 100 percent type O.
21、If a patient can receive type A blood,____
A.he must have type A blood.
B.he can also receive type AB blood.
C.he can’t have type B blood.
D.he can’t have type AB blood.
22、(同21题)The word Transfusion" is closest in meaning to____
A.transfer.
B.check.
C.treatment.
D.mixture.
23、(同21题)If you need a transfusion, the best and safest blood for you is____
A.type AB.
B.type O .
C.exactly the same type as yours.
D.a mixture of salt and plasma.
24、(同21题)According to the passage, the third most common blood type for Europeans is____
A.A..
B.B.
C.AB.
D.O.
25、(同21题)The passage is most probably written for____
A.the general reader.
B.the medical student.
C.the blood expert.
D.people badly injured in a car accident.
第二篇
Public Health in Rome and Arab The Romans built great \!aqueducts" to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Romans also built great pipes under the ground to carry away the sewage. In Romes these sewa ge pipes (sewers) are still used today; it is 2,000 years old. The Roman Emperor s even set up a government Wealth service. They built the first great public hos pitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people. Then the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these civilised methods of treatment d isappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the diseases. They shut up mentally sick people in p risons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have magic power. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was lost. Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the Mediterranean countries. They took big par ts of the old Roman lands. They translated the Greek and Roman medical books int o Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries. When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly very sloppily European doc tors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ag o. Slowly, they began to make new discoveries. They found out more about the way the body works the way our blood goes round our bodies, the way our nerves send messages from our brains to our muscles, the way these muscles move our bodies.
26、The word \!aqueduct" probably means____
A.something which was built long ago.
B.something invented by a Roman Emperor.
C.a big pipe under the ground.
D.something built to supply clean water for the citizens.
27、(同26题)Which of the following is true? _____
A.The sewage pipes built by the Romans are no longer in use now.
B.Sewage pipes in Arabia were built by the Roman.
C.A sewage pipe still being used today in Rome was built 2,000 year ago.
D.The ancient Romans got their drinking water from underground pipes.
28、(同26题)Which of the following is Not true? ____
A.A government health service was set up in ancient Rome.
B.The first public hospital in Europe was built in Rome.
C.In ancient Rome doctors were paid by the government.
D.Those who were mentally sick were all burnt alive in the Roman Empire.
29、(同26题)From this article we’ ve learned that the Arabs ____
A.made more discoveries than the Romans.
B.helped to preserve the Roman medical works.
C.discovered more about the way the human body works.
D.Occupied big parts of the old Roman lands 2,000 years ago.
30、(同26题)This article is mainly about____
A.the contributions made by the Romans and Arabs to the promotion of public health.
B.how the Arabs invaded the Roman Empire.
C.The rise and fall of the Roman Empire.
D.How Arabian doctors helped to translate the medical books.
第三篇
Population Densities The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. I n Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile I n the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population dens ities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,3 00 person inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable. High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industri alization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands a re intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java. Low average population densities are characteristic of most underdeveloped countries. Low density of population is generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land. This generally results from poor quality land s. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, moun tains, or malaria (疟疾)-infested jungles; to land uses othe r than cultivation, as pasture and forested sand; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to so cial obstacles; and to land ownership systems which keep land out of production. More ***nomically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorly developed countries of corresp ondingly low generally population density, on the other hand, often have a conce ntration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rur al concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries.
31、Along the banks of the Nile, we may expect to find____
A.1300 persons.
B.few inhabitants.
C.pyramids.
D.many settlements.
32、(同31题)The most densely populated continent is____
A.Asia.
B.Africa.
C.Europe.
D.North America.
33、(同31题)There are no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica because____ A.it is too hot.
B.It is too cold.
C.there is no transportation.
D.it has only recently been discovered.
34、(同31题)In highly industrialized communities, we may expect_____
A.large rural areas.
B.urban development.
C.epidemics.
D. Arable land.
35、(同31题)Puerto Rico is a land of____
A.heavy industrialization.
B.poverty.
C.intense agriculture.
D.large cities.
第四篇
Suntans and Skin Cancer Between now (June) and Labor Day, millions of Americans will offer up thei r bodies to the sun’s rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun wors hippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it ? Including themselves. With each hou r, the sun’s ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation produces irrever sible (不可逆的) dam age, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in the United States, and almost all of th em can be blamed on overexposure to the sun. Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. But they can be disfiguring and take time to treat. For that reason, sun worshippers should treat deity with a good deal of awe ( 敬畏). Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Prolonged exposure to UV, however, interferes with the production of collagen fibers in t he dermis, causing the skin to lose elasticity and creating premature wrinkles. Further deterioration of the dermis deprives the epidermis of nutrition and caus es it to b***me thin and dry. Cancer is UV’s final insult. Shortwave radiant energy, especially from the UV-B band, breaks the strands of DNA. Enzymes work constantly to rearrange the DNA into proper sequence, but with repeated UV exposure, the repair process may eventually break down. Then the mutant DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells. But skin cancer may be avoided with a good dose of common sense. People wi th fair skin and blue eyes who burn easily stand the highest risk. Special dange r spots are the parts of the body most constantly exposed to the sun, such as th e cheeks, nose, lower lip and the ears. People who have already developed precan cerous lesions or had one skin-cancer growth stand a greatly increased chance of developing others. Dermatologists r***mmend avoiding the sun when it is most in tense?between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Anyone who insists on sunbathing should use a g ood sun screen. These lotions and salves contain chemicals, such as para-aminobe nzoic acid, that block out the burning UV-B radiation while permitting the tanni ng rays to reach the skin.
36、According to the passage, overexposure to the sun may result in____
A.the wrinkles that cannot be seen.
B.The skin cancer.
C.all kinds of sacrifices.
D.healthful beauty.
37、(同36题)The word \!deity" in the s***nd paragraph refers to_____ A.something mysterious.
B.the skin cancer.
C.the sun.
D.overexposure to the sun.
38、(同36题)Which of the following comes first as a possible damage by UV radiation?____
A.Sunburn.
B.The loss of skin elasticity.
C.Dryness of epidermis.
D.The deterioration of dermis.
39、(同36题)Why does the repair process of the DNA may finally fail?____
A.Because shortwave radiant energy breaks the strands of the DNA.
B.Because the DNA may produce a colony of cancer cells.
C.Because enzymes work to rearrange the DNA into a new order.
D.Because the patient is exposed to UV from time to time.
40、(同36题)The last paragraph of the passage mainly discusses____
A.the treatment of the skin cancer.
B.the prevention of the skin cancer.
C.the parts of the body where cancer is most likely to develop.
D.the lotions that work best in fighting against the skin cancer.
第五篇
Smoking and Cancer Americans smoke six thousands million cigarettes every year (1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of 4195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51 % of American men s moke compared with 34 % of American women. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whe ther smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent a nd indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be a n important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the t hroat. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than O n-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say, ’Give up smoking! If you don’t smoke, don’t start! ’ . It might be helpful to look at what tobacco-smoking actually does to the hum an body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of a sh, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and bl ack tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration of deposits is where the air tube divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger’s disease, a narrowing of the small veins in the hands and feet that can cause great pain. Smokers also die much more often from heart disease. While all tobacco-smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smok ing appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, n icotine consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research indicates a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the m outh and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
41、Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the info rmation given in the passage? ____
A.Tobacco smoking can cause life-shortening diseases.
B.There are twice as many men smokers as women smokers in the U. S. According to the 1970 figures.
C.Filters can only decrease rather than eliminate the harm to the human body. D.In the smoke there is nicotine which is an important factor in the development of cancer of some organs.
42、(同41题)The statement "be associated with a shortened life expectancy" in the s***nd aragraph signifies____
A.\!cause a life expectancy to shorten".
B.\!be caused by a shortened life expectancy".
C.\!will change with the shortened life expectancy".
D.\!will cause from the shortened life expectancy".
43、(同41题)Female smokers are probably less affected by heart disease because____
A.cigarettes women smoke are treated in a special way.
B.tissue of the heart can get rid of the poisonous elements.
C.they inhale the smoke less deeply.
D.they, in most cases, pretend to be smokers.
44、(同41题)Tobacco smoke is a mixture____
A.of two poisonous elements.
B.of various poisonous substances.
C.of some irritant gases.
D.of carbon dioxide and water vapour.
45、(同41题)Harmfulness from all forms of smoking to the human body may be arranged in severity sequence as follows:____
A.Cigarette smoking is put first, and next comes cigar or pipe smoking.
B.No 1 killer is cigar smoking, and it’s followed by cigarette or pipe smoking.
C.Cigar or pipe smoking has nearly no effect on the human body in contrast with igarette smoking.
D.All forms of smoking are similar in effect harmful to the human body.
46、Vision。 I____。Vision is physiological power of sight. Vision is the faculty by which, th rough the material organ, the eye, the visible external world is perceived. Many simple organisms have light receptors and can thus react to motion and shadows, but true vision involves the formation of images in the brain. Eyes of differen t organisms provide images of varying clarity: This article deals with vision in humans and other animals with eyes of comparable complexity.
47、Basic P____。On ordinary optical principles, a point above the direct line of vision co mes to a focus at a point of the retina below its center, and vice versa. If a r etina were observed by another person, the observer would see that the image of an object is formed on the retina, and that this image is inverted. Any increase in the magnitude of the retinal image is generally associated with approach of the object; if this same result is brought about by means of lenses, however-eve n where the real distance is increased-the object still seems to approach. This seeming approach is the result of an unconscious process of reasoning. The mind interprets any given object as being of a known or ascertained size.
48、Sight D____。The most common disturbance to vision is caused by crystals or other small opaque bodies in the humors of the eye, which are usually only a passing inconv enience. Much more serious are opacities called cataracts, which develop in the lens as a result of mechanical injury, advancing age, or dietary deficiencies. O pacity of the cornea also causes obscured vision, but this condition may be repa ired through transplantation of a section of clear cornea from another person.
49、W____of Vision。Day blindness, or hemeralopia, is caused by incipient clouding or opacity of one or more of the ocular tissues. Night blindness, or nyctalopia, results fr om a deficiency of visual purple in the retina caused by lack of vitamin A. Colo r blindness is attributable to a congenital defect in the retina or other nerve portions of the optic tract. Amblyopia is weakness of vision without apparent st ructural damage of the eye and may be caused by poisoning by drugs, alcohol, or tobacco or may be associated with hysteria or uremia.
50、B ____。Pressure on the optic nerve may cause blindness in the right or left halve s of both eyes or in the inner or outer halves of both eyes. Detachment of the r etina from the interior of the eyeball causes blindness by allowing the retina t o drift to the bottom of the eye out of range of the image formed by the lens; p ermanent correction usually requires surgery. Introduction Principles Defects Weakness Blindness
51、Environmental Impacts of Energy Production All primary energy sources that are ***nomic will be required if the world is to avoid energy starvation. The world’s needs for e(51)____ energy have been met successively by wood, coal and oil. As these sources decline in importance o(52)____ approach depletion, natural gas, nuclear power, solar and other ’alternative’ energy sources are expected to m(53)____ an increasing fraction of total demand. The production and use of energy can h(54 )____ a significant effect on the environment. The environmental consequences of the use of some energy sources c ould conceivably b***me so great t(55)____they could limit growth in energy con sumption. On the other hand, meeting energy needs for ***nomic development and s(56)____well-being may require that some environmental impcts be accepted. Environmental impact assessments are being used increasingly I(57)____ dec ision-making by national authorities r(58)____ for selecting appropriate energy options or energy mixes. The impacts of energy production may be of short durati on, long lasting, or irreversible. They may be of l(59)____or global concern, and may involve trans-boundary issues of international significance; they may af fect different communities, p(60)____ groups and countries in different ways. Th ey may be detrimental or beneficial. The nuclear industry has taken a leading ro le in addressing systematically both short- and long-term issues.
答案：
1 D 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 D 7 B 8 D 9 C 10 C
11 A 12 C 13 A 14 D 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 A 19 B 20 B
21 C 22 A 23 C 24 B 25 A 26 D 27 C 28 D 29 B 30 A
31 C 32 C 33 B 34 B 35 C 36 B 37 C 38 A 39 D 40 B
41 B 42 A 43 C 44 B 45 A
46 Introuction
47 Principles
48 Defects
49 Weakness
50 Blindness
51 energy