2008年职称英语考试

Medical Journals
　　Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
　　In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing. many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
　　Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
1.The main readers of medical journals are
A. the general public.
B. health professionals.
C. medical critics.
D. news reporters.

2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Many medical journals also publish online.
B. A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C. Most medical journals publish only online.
D. Most medical journals are specialty journals.

3.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A. Five.
B. Seven.
C. Four.
D. Six.

4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called
A. a research article.
B. a review article.
C. a case report.
D. an editorial.

5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on
A. any medical event.
B. articles published in the same issue.
C. articles published in that journal.
D. medical development.

Need for Emphasis on Treatment
　　AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.
An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report.
　　“Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the WHO said in the 169page World Health Report.
　　WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.
　　“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said.
　　“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” he added.
Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150.
　　Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.
　　Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said.
Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.
1. Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries?
A. They put too little emphasis on treatment.
B. They are not receiving any treatment.
C. They refuse to be treated.
D. They live longer than those in developed countries.

2.The WHO publishes its World Health Report.
A. once every two years.
B. once a decade.
C. once a year.
D. twice a year.

3.According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is
A. a matter of great significance.
B. a matter of little significance.
C. overemphasized.
D. timely

4.AIDS treatment programs may also result in
A. better drugs.
B. lower yearly cost.
C. more effective prevention.
D. greater emphasis on treatment.

5.How many people have died of AIDS so far?
A.36 million.
B. 46 million.
C. Around 440,000.
D. More than 20 million.