Spare a Kidney?
It is no longer unnsual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidnev，to a loved one，but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend，a co—worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998．
There are many reasons．First，it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney．(The remaming kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference．)In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly．But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision，and this can cut recove17 time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks．
Just because you do something，however，it doesn’t mean you should．Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk．You could argue that you may be helpmg to save a life，but you certainly can’t pretend that you’re better off with one kidney instead of two．
so，what are the risks?“As with any major operation，there is a chance of dyin9，of reoperation due to bleeding，of infection，of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision，”says Dr．Arthur Matas，director of the renal—trans—plant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis．Even：laparoscopy，a relatively new technique for kidney donation，is not risk—free．Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10，000．
There's no money to be made；selling an organ is illegal．But the recipient’s。insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare．Your costs can include hotel bills，lost pay during recovery or possible future disability．
Ahhourgh transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor’s suitability，it never hums to have an independent opinion．The most common contraindications are heart disease，diabetes and high blood pressure．
Never let anyone，not even a close relative，pressure you into giving up an organ一一no matter if you’re healthy．“There’s often the feeling that you’re not a good friend，father，mother if you don’t do this，”says Arthus Caplan，director of the University of Pennsylvania’s center for Bioethics．Some transplant centers will invent a“medical problem”on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can’t say no．
1．From l994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
2．One of the reasons why the Humber of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
3．Yo don’t have to be dead to donate a kidney，but you had better know the risks before you give it up．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
4．None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from l994 to 1998 died from the procedure．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
5．No one sells organs in the U．S．since it is illegal．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
6．People with heart disease，diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
7．Some transplant eenters invent，“medical problems”to cheat potential kidney donors．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
1．B．该题是细节题。借助题干中的时间词(from l994 to 1998)作为答案线索，这样在第一段找到直接答案相关句，判断问题句的说法错误。因为原文是说“捐赠肾脏的人数在1994年是68人，而到了1998年就增加到了176人”，与问题句中说的“从1994年到l998年捐赠肾脏的人数达到了244人”不一致。
2．B．借助常识判断该句的说法不合理，因此推断该题答案可能为“错误”。如果借助原文，利用题于中出现的“reasons，better off，with one kidney linstead of two”作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：You could argue that you may be helping to save a life，but you certainly can’t pretend that you’re better off with one kidney instead of two．该句说“你不能假称有一只肾脏比有两只肾脏更好”，显然该句的说法与问题句的说法不一致。
3．A．该句凭借常识判断说法正确，因此答案可能是“正确”或“没提到”。借助题干中的risks作为答案线索词，找到答案相关句：Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that cann’es some risk．So，what are the risks7．Even laparoscopy，a relatively new technique for kidney donation．is not．risk—free．Doctors estimate that chanees of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10，000．该划线句尤其是在用数字表述死于肾脏移植的风险率，因此文章中涉及到risks的句子所暗示的含义与问题句的说法一致。
4．c．借助题干中的from l994 to 1998作为答案线索词，这样发现文章中涉及到from 1994 to 1998的句子
中并没有提到有多少人死于捐献手术中。所以判断该问题句为“没提到”。
5．C．根据常识判断该问题句的说法太绝对，很可能是错误的，利用题干中的illegal作为答案线索词，这样在第5段发现了“illegal”一词(There’s no money to be made；selling an organ is illegal．)，但并没有提到在美国有没有人卖器官。
6．A．利用题干中的细节(he叫disease，diabetes，high pressure)词作为答案线索词，这样在第6段中找到直接答案相关句(The most common contraindications(禁忌征候)are heart disease，diabetes and high blood pressure．)，该句的含义与题干的说法一致。
7．B．利用题干中的“medical problems”作为答案线索词，这样文章最后一句中找到直接答案相关句(Some transplant centers will invent a“medical problem”on behalf of those who are reluclant to donate but feel they can’t say no．)，判断该句的说法与问题句的说法不一致：原文说“编造‘医学问题’的原因是为了替那些不愿捐赠的人保住面子”而不是问题句中所说的“欺骗可能进行肾脏捐赠的人”