2005.03英语高级口译第一阶段考试
TSECTION 1: LISTENING TEST（30 minutes）
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
Getting on well with colleagues, as anyone who works in an office knows, is a vital element in our working lives. Many office involve a great deal of time （1）. One British study of 160 managers, for example, found that they spent between （2） of their time with other people.
（3） are first brought about by the formal system of work, but are elaborated in several ways by （4） of different kinds. It is essential for such relationships to develop if （5） is to succeed. And good relationships at work are one of the main sources of （6）.
Are the any 'rules of relationships' that might the useful （7） of what to do and what not to do in your dealings with others？
Some researchers have found that there are such rules. （8） people they generated a number of possible rules. Then they （9） how important those rules were in twenty-two different kinds of relationships. These included （10）, close friends, siblings and work colleagues as well as relationships between （11）.
Through studies and investigations the researchers discovered （12） that applied to over half of all these relationships.
1. （13）.
2. look the other person in the eye during conversation.
3. Do not discuss what has been said （14） the other person.
4. Do not criticize the other person publicly.
5. Repay debts, （15） no matter how small.
This doesn't mean that （16）. It just means that they are seen as important. The 'looking in the eye' rule, for example, is a crucial aspect of （17）. It is very uncomfortable to have to talk to someone who （18） looks at you during the conversation. One needs to look at the person one is talking to to see if they're still attending and to （19）. To signal interest, the listener has to （20） who is speaking.
Part B: Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
1. （A） Environmental protection. （B） Health service.
（C） lllnesses in different countries. （D） Healthy diet.
2. （A） Pollution. （B） Pace of life. （C） Diet. （D） Health care.
3. （A） In the east. （B） In the west. （C） In the south. （D） In the north.
4. （A） They seek help from a psychiatrist before doing anything else.
（B） They in most cases rely on the family.
（C） They use traditional herbal medicine.
（D） They turn to secret recipes coming down from their granny.
5. （A） You would be treated the same way as you would in Britain.
（B） You would be treated with herbal medicine.
（C） You would be treated in hospital for at least 9 months.
（D） You would be treated with a recipe that may differ from a British one.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
6. （A） He met Israeli Prime Minister and Foreign Minister but not Palestinian leaders.
（B） His visit might contribute to the smooth running of Palestinian elections.
（C） This was his third visit to this region within 18 months.
（D） He sought to strengthen an already active US peacemaking role in this region.
7. （A） To prevent the Asian fishermen from selling shark fins as a delicacy.
（B） To increase fund for protection of the threatened species around the world.
（C） To ban the killing of sharks for their fins in the Atlantic Ocean.
（D） To decrease the high prices of shark fins in the Asian market.
8. （A） A breakthrough is expected to occur in the relations between the two countries.
（B） His aim is to get India to honor its commitment to peaceful relations with its neighbors.
（C） The atmosphere of their relations will get better.
（D） His visit should be viewed as a transactional process.
9. （A） The period of stagnation has continued for several years on end.
（B） Germany can no longer rely on exports to encourage domestic spending.
（C） Investment in the country is weakening this year.
（D） Much of Germany's production is being transferred to lower-wage economies.
10. （A） 16 million units. （B） 16.67 million units.
（C） 16.9 million units. （D） 17 million units.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
11. （A） Drug abuse among the rock and pop singers.
（B） Excessive drinking of some pop artists.
（C） Clients of a well- known laryngologist.
（D） Voice problems suffered by some famous singers.
12. （A） A consultant laryngologist. （B） A Genesis singer.
（C） A rock star. （D） A radio program presenter.
13. （A） Singers should not avoid taking aspirin.
（B） Steroids taken long term cause a thinning of the voice muscle.
（C） Taking aspirin can result in the bruising of the vocal chords.
（D） Opera singers often do very long tours to give concerts.
14. （A） Lack of training. （B） Overuse of the voice.
（C） Abuse of the voice. （D） Bad dreaming.
15. （A） Low humidity. （B） Chatting with fans.
（C） Warming your voice down. （D） Regularly taking steroids.
Questions16 to 20 are based on the following interview.
16. （A） Having good looks and being wealthy.
（B） A society obsessed with material success.
（C） What makes a successful person.
（D） Successful entrepreneurs.
17. （A） To do well at school. （B） To start out wealthy.
（C） To have good looks. （D） Successful entrepreneurs.
18. （A） One who rises through the ranks to the top of a big company.
（B） One who is born into an affluent family.
（C） One who may be able to capitalize on good looks.
（D） One who is regarded as kind, but not very efficient.
19. （A） Intrapreneurs tend to be the kids everyone thought do well.
（B） Intrapreneurs are good organizers and get on well with people.
（C） Entrepreneurs often had early reputations as troublemakers.
（D） Far fewer entrepreneurs had both parents present throughout childhood.
20. （A） Good looks help you in early life.
（B） Many successful entrepreneurs leave school early.
（C） Rich people do not often have rich parents.
（D） A hard life as a child can help you later on.
SECTION 2: READING TEST（30 minutes）
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, （A）, （B）, （C） or （D）, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-5
As he hiked up a steep trail winding into the Great Smoky Mountains National Park a few days ago. Don Barger reached into his pack, pulled out his cellphone-and turned it off. "the last thing you want to hear as you're rounding a bend out here is a cellphone ring or some guy talking to his broker or ordering pizza." He says. "but that's what' happening in our national parks these days." At least 30 national parks now sport cellphone towers or other antennas, according to a newly released partial inventory by the National park service. This list, the first of its kind, is evidence that phone companied are targeting America's national parks for business.
The result, critics say, is a much-degraded visual experience when a tower sprouts on an otherwise pristine landscape-or a jarring aural annoyance when a cellphone rings deep in nature. In may, three cell towers proposed for a scenic road in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park caused a public outcry. "it is one of the worst ideas we have heard," wrote Sen. Lamar Alexander and Rep. John Duncan Jr., both Tennessee Republicans. Within weeks of their letter to Fran Mainella, director of the National Park Service, the wireless company had dropped its plan.
Similarly, a new cellphone tower in full view of the famous geyser at Yellowstone National Park now raises the ire of some visitors. The park's "custodians have been unfaithful to old Faithful," according to Frank Buono, a former National Park Service manager and board member of Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility （PEER）. The treasured view has been handled "with all the care of a strip mall." The tower is an "incompatible structure" with a "very noticeable adverse effect," adds the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office. The public onslaught has caused the park service to revisit its decision. A Yellowstone spokesman says tower height and appearance are under review and a moratorium has been placed on permits for new cellphone towers until a management plan is developed. But the towers have come in handy, park personnel say.
"using cell service where we can allows better visitor safety services," says Al Nash, a park spokesman. While two-way radios work fine for park personnel, most emergency calls come from the public in developed areas of the park-and a growing number are by cellphone. "we've been surprised that all of a sudden it became a lightning rod." Adds Brian Goemmer, director of engineering and regulatory affairs for Western Wireless, the Bellevue, Wash., firm that owns the tower. It has served an important emergency function, especially for altitude-or heat-challenged visitors waiting to see Old Faithful blow off steam, he says.
Emergency use is an excuse, counters Mr. Barger, southeast regional director of the National Parks Conservation Association, a nonprofit advocacy group. While he does carry a cellphone, Barger says he can't and won't depend on the device. Instead, he always tells a relative his itinerary and return time before hiking alone.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened the way for cell towers on federal lands, compelling federal managers to consider them. Critics say there's no national policy that outlines when they may be rejected. But the National park Service points to an array of national policies that govern siting of such towers. Still, the final decision lies with inpidual park managers, says Lee Dickinson, park service manager for special park uses who oversees permitting for telecommunications in 388 "park units," including the 58 that carry the "national park" designation.
The park service still doesn't know exactly how towers have sprouted in national parks. The number could easily grow since the park service's inventory is not yet complete, several observers say. Last week, PEER released documents showing that cell companies building towers in Yellowstone had supplied 70 phones and free minutes to park personnel. Also. It showed that $36.000 in annual lease fees for the towers was used to fund park-service salaries and other activities. This income in an inducement for financially stretched park managers to permit cell towers, argues jeff Ruch, PEER executive director. But Yellowstone's Mr. Nash says it was a tiny fraction of a $28 million budget and unlikely to be an inducement.
1. When Don Barger says "The last thing you want to hear as you're rounding a bend out here is a cellphone ring or some guy talking to his broker or ordering pizza." Implies that _______.
（A） most people visiting the national parks carry cellphones with themselves
（B） he is not interested in observing how visitors use cellphones in national parks
（C） he doesn't like to be disturbed by cellphones ringing in quiet national parks
（D） visitors should not be allowed to use cellphones in national parks
2. The expression "raises the ire" in the sentence" Similarly, a new cellphone tower in full view of the famous geyser at Yellowstone National Park now raises the ire of some visitors." （para.3） can best be paraphrased as ______.
（A） stimulates the irony （B） arouses the anger
（C） causes the doubt （D） raises the opposition
3. According to park spokesman Al Nash, using of cell service in the national parks_____.
（A） helps visitors in case of emergency
（B） increases the cost of park service
（C） leads to the increase of emergency calls
（D） replaces the two-way radio communication
4. When Brian Goemmer says "We've been surprised that all of a sudden it became a lightning rod" （para.4）, he most probably implies that _______.
（A） he is surprised that cellphone towers can serve as lightning rods
（B） he shows an open attitude to the criticism from the public
（C） he is happy that cell towers are useful for altitude-or heat-challenged visitors
（D） he cannot understand why cell towers are opposed by the public
5. According to the passage the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ______.
（A） allocates and specifies federal lands for the building of cell towers
（B） does not play the role in making national policies on cell towers
（C） shows clearly when the cell towers can be rejected
（D） does not say clearly how to restrict the erection of cell towers
Questions 6-10
Scientists have discovered a way of manipulating a gene that turns nimals into drones incapable of becoming bored even when performing repetitive tasks. Experiments on rhesus monkeys have shown for the first time that animal behaviour can be permanently altered, turning the subjects from aggressive to "compliant" creatures. The genes are identical in humans. Although the research is intended to advance the treatment of mental illness, it will raise images of the Epsilon caste created by Aldous Huxley to carry out menial jobs in his novel, Brave New World. It could also do away with the need for motivational coaching and perhaps one day provide a cure for those who dread returning to work on Mondays.
The experiments-detailed in the journal Nature Neuroscience-involved blocking the effect of a gene in the brain called D2, which cut the link between the monkeys' motivation and perceived reward. Instead of speeding up with the approach of a deadline or the prospect of a "treat". The monkeys could still work enthusiastically for long periods. "most people are motivated to work hard and well only by the expectation of reward, whether it's a pay cheque or word of praise". Said Barry Richmond, a neuro-biologist at America's National Institute of Mental Health, who led the project. "We could remove that link and create a situation where repetitive hard work would continue without any reward."
The experiments involved getting monkeys to operate levers in response to colour changers on screens in front of them. Normally they wok hardest and fastest with the fewest mistakes if they think a reward for the "work" is imminent. But Richmond's team found they could make the monkeys work their hardest and fastest all the time, without any complaint or sign of slacking, just by manipulating D2 so that they forgot about expectation of reward. "we make decisions all the time bases on how valuable we think a reward is and how much time we think it is going to take to get it," said Richmond. "In depression, people think no reward is worthwhile and al work is too burdensome. In obsessive compulsive disorder, people work and are never satisfied by what they have done. If we can find the disturbance in the brain circuitry related to emotions and reward, we might be able to relieve the symptoms."
He said the technicalities of permanently altering human behaviour by gene manipulation are currently too complex and humans who underwent this treatment to become live manifestations of Huxley's Epsilons would not function well. "they would be indiscriminate and not be able to appreciate that their efforts were wasted if there was a problem further along a production line," Richmond said. "it would be more to the point for us to motivate people suing normal motivating factors." However, he and other scientists acknowledge that methods of manipulating human physical and psychological traits are just around the corner and the technology will emerge first as a lucrative add-on available from IVF clinics. "There's no doubt we will be able to influence behavior," said Julian Savulescu, a professor of ethics at Oxford University. He said: "Genetically manipulating people to become slaves is not in their interests, but other changes might be. We have to make choices about what makes a good life for an inpidual."
Richmond's findings were discussed at a Royal Society meeting organized by Bob Edwards, the scientist whose work led to the creation of Louise Brown, the world's first test tube baby. In a presentation entitled Designing Babies: What the Future Holds, Yuri Verlinsky, a scientist from the University of Chicago who is at the forefront of embryo manipulation, said: "as infertility customers are investing so much time, money and effort into having a baby, shouldn't they have a healthy one and what is to stop them picking a baby for its physical and psychological traits？" the advent of the technology is considered so serious in America that a meeting to discuss setting up a legal framework for"germline" genetic manipulation is being held in Washington DC in December.
6. It can be concluded from the passage that the Epsilon caste created by Aldous Huxley in his novel Brave New World are _______.
（A） a kind of slave class who are humble and obedient
（B） A group of mental patients receiving medical treatment
（C） the working people who involved in manufacturing
（D） hero and heroine in the adventures in the Brave New World
7. The original purpose of the research introduced in the passage was _____.
（A） to find ways to treat people with mental problems
（B） to make monkeys work their hardest and fastest
（C） to do away with the need for motivational coaching
（D） to promote the productivity of manufacturing industry
8. Which of the following CANNOT be true about the gene D2 according to the passage？
（A） They are identical both in humans and monkeys.
（B） They serve as the link between motivation and reward perceived.
（C） They manipulation of the gene can permanently change behavior.
（D） The removal of the gene can people more intelligent.
9. According to neuro-biologist Barry Richmond, the methods of manipulating human physical and psychological traits_____.
（A） are against human ethical values
（B） will be developed in the near future
（C） are based on normal motivating factors
（D） are too complex to function well
10. It can concluded the passage that the scientist Yuri Verlinsky ______ the technology of gene manipulation.
（A） is strong opponent of
（B） is a determined supporter of
（C） is more concerned with the legal framework of
（D） is indifferent to the ethical side of
Questions 11-15
During the summer of 2001, Mitsubishi's American dealerships were suddenly flooded with puzzling requests for the lancer Evolution. Mitsubishi had never marketed this flashy compact sport car with a 271-horsepower engine in America. Where was all the interest coming from？ The answer is exciting advertisers the would over: videogames. Sony PlayStation 2 had featured the Lancer Evolution in a new version of Gran Turismo, a top-selling racing –car game released that july. The result was a cultlike following for the car. "we were spammed by gamers." Recalls lan Beavis, senior vice president of marketing at Mitsubishi North America. Two years later the Lancer Evolution was released in American, and has been a big success. "it's a true testament to the power of the medium."
Threatened by declining TV ratings in some countries, advertisers have been looking for new ways to capture the wandering eye of the consumer, from producing short ads-cum-movies to increasingly aggressive product placement on popular shows. But the newest trend goes beyond trying to pert eyes to a strategically placed cereal box for a few brief seconds: instead companies are looking to place the customer inside an advertising game, or "advergame," almost indefinitely. "you are now in the world the advertiser has created for you," says advergame designer Dan Fergeson.
Several corporate giants have recently launched advergames. One from Nokis uses a snow-sledding game to promote text messaging. After each race your results are messaged to a phone that pops up on screen. Special, speedier sleds can be unlocked only by texting yourself a secret password. A game from lopton features an office worker winding through cubicles gobbling up Cup-a-Soups to "Beat the 3PM Slump." Kraft Foods draws more than 3 million visitors a month to its Web site of 80 different downloadable games-like mini-golf, bowling and puzzles-incorporating its brands. "Every ad today is a victim of multitasking," says Michael wood, director of Cocojambo, a London-based branding-entertainment agency. "Gaming draws the most engaged, concentrated audience."
The advantages for advertisers are clear: games are now available on virtually any digital platform, from TVs to PCs and mobile phones. Contrary to common belief, the booming global-gaming market is not dominated by teenage males, which gives it a potentially broad reach as an advertising medium. More that 50 percent of the players are 35 or older, and while males still dominate, females are increasingly active, particularly online. Unlike a television ad or billboard, advergames, which are so far available only through Web sites, offer traceable results, including the number of visits to any site and for exactly how long. After the initial cost of production （anywhere from $30.000 to $500.000）, advergames can run virtually free for years. In a recent U.S. Association of National Advertisers survey, 45% of companies antici-pate relocating ad dollars from TV to other media during the next year. 9% said they had advertised via videogames in the past year, and 13% planned to in the future.
The U.S. Army spends $2.5 million a year on its recruiting advergame, america's army. At lest 3.7 million people have logged on to track down terrorists of rescue POWs in realistic simulations, and the Army says the game helped it reach recruitment targets last year. Despite the difficult political climate. "people can zero in on specific interests, like parachuting or being a medic." Says Col. Casey Wardynski, project director of America's Army. "what emerges is a level of confidence about the challenges they may encounter. That's a whole lot more than a 30-second spot that says, 'Hey, think about the Army.'" The momentum is building. Last month the first videogame advertising agency, Massive, was launched. Already, America's Army players can turn the in-game radio to any station they wish. And with bandwidth getting cheaper and cheaper, says Colonel Wardynski, "soon, anything you can do in real life. You'll be able to do in these games." It used to be that catchy ads tstuck in one's head. Now one's head is liable to get stuck in the ads.
11. The author used the Lancer Evolution as an example to show_______.
（A） the marketing strategy adopted by Mitsubishi
（B） the power of the new advertising means of videopgames
（C） the process of developing compact sports cars
（D） the changing function of the mass media over the years
12. When advergame designer Dan Fergeson says "You are now in the world the advertiser has created for you," he implies that ______.
（A） the advertising industry is entering a brand new age
（B） the new means of advertising is more persuasive
（C） the advertisement is undergoing great changes
（D） customers are no longer passive receptors of traditional ads
13. When project director of America's Army Col. Casey Wardynski quotes "Hey, think about the army." （para.5）, he most probably believes that_____.
（A） the original 30-second recruiting ads is simple and direct
（B） the progress in recruiting technique is inevitable and necessary
（C） the old recruiting ads cannot be compared with America's Arm persuasiveness
（D） both of the recruiting ads help establish a high level of confidence in youth
14. Which of the follwing CANNOT be concluded from the ending sentences of the passage "It used to be that catchy ads stuck in one's head. Now one's head is liable to get stuck in the ads"？
（A） Differences between new advergames and traditional ads are great enough.
（B） Traditional ads mainly use visual means to persuade people.
（C） New advertising means make customer actively involved in the ads.
（D） Traditional ads will be replaced by advergames in the near future.
15. Which of the following best summarises the main idea of the passage？
（A） The advantages of the advergame have been spotted by many corporate giants.
（B） The latest marketing trend makes the consumer a player inside the commercial.
（C） Videogame advertising will become a major industry in the following years.
（D） The recruiting advergame helped the U.S. Army reach recruitment targets last year.
Questions 16-20
Once upon a time, in the "dominion of new haven," it was illegal to kiss your children on Sunday. Or make a bed or cut your hair or eat mince pies or cross a river unless you were a clergyman riding your circuit. If you lived in Connecticut in 1650, there was no mistaking Sunday for just another shopping day; regardless of whether you'd go to hell for breaking the Sabbath, you could certainly go to jail. Centuries later, the sense that Sunday is special is still wired in us, a miniature sabbatical during which to peel off the rest of the week and savor ritual. Religious or otherwise: Sunday worship, Sunday football, Sunday papers, Sunday brunch, the day you call your mother, the night the family gathers around the TV to watch, once upon a time. The wonderful world of Disney and, now The Simpsons.
The idea that rest is a right has deep roots in our history. Blue laws were a gift as much as a duty, a command to relax and reflect. That tension, explains Sunday historian Alexis McCrossen, has always been less between sacred and secular than between work and respite; America dose not readily sit still , even for a day. The Civil War and a demand for news begat the Sunday paper; industrialization inspired progressives to argue that libraries and museums should open on Sundays so working people could elevate themselves. Major league baseball held its first Sunday game in 1892. Joseph Pulitzer realized the Sunday paper was less about news than about fun, comics and book reviews, and soon the theaters, amusement parks and fairs were open too.
Over time, Sunday has gone from a day we could do only a very few things to the only we can do just about anything we want. The U.S. is too perse, our lives too busy, our economy too global and our appetites too vast to lose a whole day that could be spent working or playing or power shopping. Pulled between piety and profit, even Christian bookstores are open. Children come to Sunday school dressed in their soccer uniforms; some churches have started their own leagues just to control the schedule. Politicians recite their liturgies in TV studios. Post offices may still be closed, but once you miss that first Sunday e-mail from the boss, it becomes forever harder not to log on and check in. even the casinos are open.
If your soul has no Sunday, it becomes an orphan, Albert Schweitzer said-which raises a question for our times: What do we lose if Sunday becomes just like any other day？ Lawmakers in Virginia got to spend part of their summer break debating that question, thanks to a mistake they made last winter when they inadvertently revived a "day of rest" rule; hotels and hospitals and nuclear power plants would have had to give workers a weekend day off or be fined $500. after a special legislative session was convened to fix the error, Virginia's workers, like the rest of us, are once more potentially on call 24/7. meanwhile, Rhode Island just became the 32nd state to let liquor stores open every Sunday; until this month, they could do so only in December, perhaps because even George Washington's eggnog recipe called for brandy, whiskey and rum. Social conservatives may want to honor the Fourth Commandment, but businesses want the income, states need the tax revenues, and busy families want the flexibility.
With progress, of course, comes backlash from those who desperately want to preserve the old way. Mom-and-pop liquor stores in New York fought to keep the blue laws to have more time with their families. Car dealers in Kansas City pushed for a law to make them close on Sundays so they could have a day off without losing out to competition. Chick-Fi-A, a chain of more than 1,100 restaurants in 37 states, closes on Sunday because its founder, Truett Cathy, promised employees time to "worship, spend time with family and friends or just plain rest from the work week," says the chain's website. "Made sense then, still makes sense now." pope john Paul Ⅱ even wrote an apostolic letter in defense of Sunday: "When Sunday loses its fundamental meaning and becomes merely part of a 'weekend,'" he wrote, "people stay locked within a horizon so limited that they can no longer see 'the heavens.'"
In an age with no free time, we buy it through hard choices. Do we skip church so we can sleep in or skip soccer so we can go to church or find a family ritual-cook together-that we treat as sacred？ That way, at least some part of Sunday faces in a different direction, whether toward heaven or toward one another.
16. The "blue laws" referred to in the passage______.
（A） are a kind of moral standard
（B） were officially issued by the church
（C） prohibit entertainment and business on Sundays
（D） specify religious activities held on Sunday
17. The statement that America does not readily sit still, even for a day （para.2）is supported by all of the following EXCETP .
（A） the manufacturing in factories on Sundays
（B） the opening of libraries and museums on Sundays
（C） the publication of Sunday newspapers
18. In writing the sentence "Social conservatives may want to honor the Fourth Commandment, but businesses want the income, states need the tax revenues, and busy families , "（para. 4） the author_______.
（A） gave an objective and detailed description
（B） criticized the fast changing social trend
（C） exposed the profit- oriented nature of the society
（D） eulogized the progress of the social evolution
19. It can be concluded from the passage that the author"s attitude towards the evolution of Sunday activities is .
（A） ironical （B） radical （C） ambivalent （D） objective
20. Which of the following tells us the main ides of the passage？
（A） The idea that rest is a right has deep roots in American history.
（B） The changes of Sunday tradition is inevitable and necessary.
（C） Sunday should be the day we can do just about anything we want.
（D） Maybe those old blue laws weren"t so crazy after all.
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST（30 minutes ）
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Yet the U.S . benefited greatly from the colonial strife next door . Broke after its Haitian defeat, France sold a large region to the U.S. for s15 million. The Louisiana Purchase would prove to be one of the most profitable real estate transactions ever made. Napoleon would not have sold his claims except for the courage and obstinate resistance of Haitian inhabitants.
It would take six decades for the U.S. to acknowledge Haiti's independence. Meanwhile, Haiti, burdened by its post –independence isolation and the 100 million francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition, began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency, resulting in a 19year U.S . occupation and two subsequent in starvations in the past 100 years. Jefferson once presented dire warnings about what might happen to the U.S. political system in a worst-case scenario, but his words turned out to be a more accurate prophecy for America's plundered neighbor: 'The spirit of the times……… will alter. Our rulers will become corrupt… The shackles … which shall not be knocked off at the conclusion of war will remain on long , will be made heavier.' Given a fair chance, Haiti could have flourished and prospered. If that had been the case , this year Haiti would celebrating the bicentennial of its independence with fewer and lighter shackles.
SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST（ 30 minutes）
Part A: Note –taking and Gap-filling
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While Listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER Booklet. You will not get your TEST BOOK and ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.
Wearing clothes can always transmit signals about people's social （1） and attitudes towards their culture. With the exception of the two extremes on the social （2）: the very rich socialites and poor （3）, Clothing Signals are the result of a single （4） event for the （5）of people.
The assumption of an increased （6）trend in modern dressing behavior is misleading. There is no （7） of formality today, merely the （8）of old formalities for new.
One of the most mysterious fashion trends is the relationship between female skirt lengths and （9）conditions. There has been a precise （10）between the lengths of female skirts and the periods of boom and （11）: if the （12）market rises, so do the skirts. It's hard to explain exactly why , but hopefully ,future （13） will give us a clearer explanation.
Many （14）variations are at work in a hundred different ways, as fashion trends diffuse themselves rapidly around the globe. Each new minor trend （15）or （16） the fashion of the previous season, Unconsciously. We all plot graphs of shifting Clothing Signals all the time and read off the many signals that our （17） clothes transmit to us in every social encounter . Clothing is as much a part of human （18） language as （19）, facial expressions and （20）.
Part B : Listening and Translation
1. Sentence Translation
Directions : In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
（1） （2） （3） （4） （5）
2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening .
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SECTION 5: READING TEST（30 minutes ）
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1-3
Some of Britain's leading universities are embroiled in a 'cash for degree course' row after accepting foreign students from a fee- paying tutorial college that claims to be in partnership with them . The foreign applicants pay & 15.000 for one –year 'foundation' courses at Beilerbys college. Which claims to guarantee a place at one of 33 British universities with which it is linked. These include highly ranked institutions such as Nottingham are Southampton. Universities confirmed they accepted Bellerbys students but denied they guaranteed places.
Bellerbys –which has campuses in Oxford, London. Cambridge and Hove in East Sussex-found undergraduate places for 400 foreign students last year . An undercover Sunday Times reporter was told by Bellerbys last week that he would have 'no problem' getting on the foundation course despite saying he performed badly at school . When Bellerbys was asked how it could guarantee a degree place. It said : 'Because there are partner universities. '
Cash –strapped universities are keen to take foreign students because they can charge them fees between & 6.000 and & 8.000 a year, almost double the sum received for teaching British undergraduates. The college's claim to guarantee students a university place is likely to anger students and schools struggling to win places at the top institutions, Trina Mawer, head of the independent Farlington school in Horsham, said : 'This is just amazing, Those students are not being judged by the same standards as ours. It is most unfair to students who have worked hard to get good A –levels. I understand the universities' need for extra money, but this scheme makes a mockery of our exam system and university admissions.
Last week the reporter, posing as a Bosnian student and speaking broken English, approached an admissions adviser at Bellerbys to ask about his chances of getting into the college and then joining a university engineering course . The adviser made it clear that the reporter would be given a place at Bellerbys if the college considered he had done well at high school in Bosnia or had shown potential . The adviser told the reporter "We can guarantee you entry to one of our 33 partner universities." a pledge that also appears on the college's website . When the reporter said : "My father tell me, my father wants me to go to school in England. . .my marks in high school are not very good ." the adviser replied :" We will look at your marks and I think that it won't be a problem" The university at which Bellerbys students win a place depends on their score in the foundation course, which is marked by the college's staff.
A second reporter, posing as the guardian of a Chinese student, was told a score of between 70% and 85% would be required by Nottingham and Southampton . An admissions officer added : "With [40%] you could get the University of Aston , Brighton or Buckingham ." The tutor said the student must have finished high school in China and have a score of 41/2 out of 9 in the IELTS . Universities usually require a score of at least 6 from foreign students applying directly.
Bellerbys defended its courses, claiming students studied elements of A – levels and worked at the "same degree of directly". Bellerbys in Hove's vice – principal Peter Corcut said : "Because it is shorter we take key topics from A –level courses. Every applicant's school grades are assessed before they come on the course."
Christine Humfrey, director of the international office at Nottingham. Said the university had accepted 20-30 foreign students from Bellerbys this year, some from the foundation programmed. All those accepted had been suitable candidates. "We wouldn't admit them if we thought they would not do well. " she said. Southampton also takes students from Bellerbys but denied guaranteeing places.
Stephen Miller, deputy vice-chancellor at City University , London , which appears as a "partner" university on the Bellerbys website. Denied there was a formal arrangement with the college. "We take their students, but we don't guarantee anyone a place," he said. "The foundation pressure is recognized by us as equivalent to our A-Level requirements . " The financial pressure on universities has been highlighted by lvor Crewe, vice –chancellor of Essex University , who has said the presence of foreign students "is simply what makes it possible for the academic enterprise to continue. "
1. What is the "cash for degree courses"row mentioned in the passage？
2. Give a brief introduction of Bellerbys college's enrollment of foreign students. What does the reporters investigation of the college tell us？
3. What can be concluded from the replies from the partner universities？
Questions 4-7
An unexplained and unprecedented rise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere two years running has raised fears that the world may be on the brink of runaway global warming . Scientists are baffled why the quantity of the main greenhouse gas has leapt in a two- year period and are concerned that the Earth's natural systems are no longer able to absorb as much as in the past. The findings will be discussed tomorrow by the government's chief scientist, Dr David King , at the annual Greenpeace lecture.
Measurements of CO2 have been continuous for 50 years at Mauna Loa Observatory. 12.000ft up a mountain in Hawaii, regarded as far enough away from any carbon dioxide source to be a reliable measuring point. In recent decades CO2 increased on average by 1.5 parts per million（ppm） a year because of the amount of oil, coal and gas burnt, but has now jumped to more than 2 ppm in 2002 and 2003. Above or below average rises in CO2 levels in the atmosphere have been explained in the past by natural events. When the Pacific warms up during EI Nino, the amount of carbon dioxide rises dramatically as warm oceans emit CO2 rather than absorb it .
But scientists are Puzzled because over the past two years, when the increases have been 2. 08ppm and 2.5ppm respectively, there has been no EI Nino. Charles Keeling, the man who began the observations in 1958, is now 74 and still working in the field. He said yesterday : "The rise in the annual rate to above two parts per million for two consecutive years is a real phenomenon . It is possible that this is merely a reflection of natural events like previous peaks in the rate, but it is also possible that it is the beginning of a natural process unprecedented in the record. " Analysts stress that it is too early to draw any long-term conclusions. But the fear is that the greater than normal rises in CO2 emissions mean that instead of decades to bring global warming under control we may have only a few years. At worst, the figures could be the first sign of the breakdown in the Earth's NATURAL SYSTEM FOR ABSORBING THE GAS. That would herald the so-called"runaway greenhouse effect," where the planet's soaring temperature becomes impossible to contain.
One of the predictions made by climate scientists in the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is that as the Earth warms, the absorption of carbon dioxide by vegetation-known as "carbon sink " -is reduced. Dr Keeling said since there was no sign of a dramatic increase in the amount of fossil fuels being burnt in 2002 and 2003, the rise "could be a weakening of the Earth's carbon sinks, associated with the world warming, as part of a climate change feedback mechanism. It is a cause for concern."
Tom Burke, visiting professor at Imperial College London, and a former special adviser to the former Tory environment minister, warned: "We're watching the clock and the clock is beginning to tick faster, like it seems to before a bomb goes off. " Peter Cox, head of the Carbon Cycle Group at the Met Office's Hadley Centre for Climate Change, said the increase in carbon dioxide was not uniform across the globe."My guess is that there were extra forest fires in the northern hemisphere, and particu-larly a very hot summer in Europe, "Dr Cox said."This led to a die-back in vegetation and an increase in release of carbon from the soil, rather than more growing plants taking carbon out of the atmosphere, which is usually the case in summer. "
Scientists have dubbed the two-year CO2 rise the Mauna Loa anomaly. Dr Cox said one its most interesting aspects was that the CO2 rises did not take place in EI Nino years. Previously the only figures that climbed higher than 2 ppm were EI Nino years. The heat wave of last year which claimed at least 30. 000 lives across the world was so out of the ordinary that many scientists believe it could only have been caused by global warming . But D r Cox is concerned that too much might be read into two years' figures. "5 or 6 years on the trot would be very difficult to explain, "he said.
Dr Piers Forster, senior research fellow of the University of Reading's Department of Meteorology, said: "if this is a rate change, of course it will be very significant. It will be of enormous concern, because it will imply that all our global warming predictions for the next hundred years or so will have to be redone."
David Hofmann of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration centre , which also studies CO2 , was more cautious. " I don't think an increase of 2 ppm for two years in a row is highly significant-there are climatic perturbations that can make this occur, "he said . "But the absence of a known climatic event does make these years unusual . Based on those two years alone I would say it was too soon to say that a new trend has been established, but it warrants close scrutiny."
4.Why has the change in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the past two years raised fear and concern among climate scientists？
5. What is "runaway greenhouse effect" （para.4）？ What is "carbon sink " （para.5）
6. Explain briefly Tom Burke's warning "We're watching the clock and the clock is beginning to tick faster, like it seems to before a bomb goes off. "（ para.6）
7. What are the major explanations for the change in CO2 over the past two years？
Questions 8-10
It was one of those statement that everyone remembers decades after the event. The year was 1998. Russia had defaulted on s40 billion in domestic debt, and foreign investors who were heavy buyers of those bonds were licking their wounds. An angry banker declared that Westerners would "eat nuclear waste" before sinking money into Russia again . Just six years later, Russian bonds are again a hot property, Moscow is considered one of the world's most reliable borrowers, and two of the three international rating agencies have given Russia an investment-grade seal of approval. Among Russia's biggest cheerleaders？ Western investors.
Oh Nov. 18. Fitch Ratings upped its long –tern rating for Russian government bonds by one notch, to an investment grade BBB-. That came a little more than a year after Moody's investors Service also raised Russia's bonds to investment grade. "Russia has turned in a phenomenal macroeconomic performance, surpassing our bullish expectations. "F itch's lead Russia analyst Parker told investors on Nov. 19.
It's no secret why Russia's fortunes have turned around so dramatically. Oil and gas account for 55% of Russia's export-and with oil prices around $50 a barrel, the country earned $14.5 billion from black gold. This year, with production bolstered by huge investment and rising prices, it is expected to pull in $78 billion. Moscow's foreign-currency reserves now total $113 billion-a nine fold increase since the end of 1999and a comfortable cushion against any new crisis.
But if Russia has been lucky, it has also made the most of its luck. In the past five years, president Putin's economic managers, led by Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, have taken full advantage of their oil and gas windfall to get government expenditures in hand and fashion a functioning tax system. "Kudrin has delivered a first-rate fiscal policy. It's under his watch we've gone from being a bankrupt nation to an investment-grade net creditor." Says Al Breach, chief economist at Moscow investment bank Brunswick UBS.
The sea of oil has allowed Russia to reduce its foreign debt from almost 100% of gross domestic product in 1999 to about 32% today. Fitch predicts general government debt will fall to 25% of GDP by the end of the year, well below the 40% benchmark it considers normal for a BBB rating. Meanwhile, kudrin is socking away surplus oil revenues in a newly created "stabilization fund" designed to protect the budget against a fall in prices. The fund has already accumulated $19 billion.
Of course, not all the financial news from Russia is positive. Putin's deliberate destruction of Russia's biggest oil company. Yukos, has had investors wringing their hands. And while economist give Russia high marks for fiscal management, they're less flattering when it comes to structural issues such as banking reform and deregulation. "it's a well-managed oil story. Rather than a reform story." Says peter Westin, chief economist at Aton Capital. A Moscow brokerage.
These concerns explain why the third major rating agency, standard & Poor's, has so far held out against giving Russian bonds an investment grade. While Fitch's announcement is encouraging. An upgrade from S&P is far mor important because the key benchmark for international bond investors. The lehman Aggregate Bond Index. Requires investment-grade rating from Moody's and S&P before a country's bonds can be included. Large U.S. institutional investors track the Lehman index. These investors may not have long to wait. Russia's financial situation is so solid that analysts are convinced and an S&P upgrade is just months away.
8. Why do western investors change their attitude toward Russia within a period of six years？ Give a brief introduction of Russia's economy over the past years.
9. Explain the sentence "But if Russia has been lucky, it has also made the most of its luck." （paa.4）
10. What does chief economist peter Westin mean when he says "it's a well-managed oil story, rather than a reform story." （para.5）
SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST（30 minutes）
Directions: Translate the following passage into English and writ your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
他在父亲的教导下“发愤用功”，其实他读书还是出于喜好，只似馋嘴佬贪吃美食：食肠很大，不择精粗，甜咸杂进。极俗的书他也能看得哈哈大笑。戏曲里的插科打诨，他不仅且看且笑，还一再搬演，笑得打跌。精微深奥的哲学、美学、文艺理论等大部著作，他像小儿吃零食那样吃了又吃。厚厚的书一本本渐次吃完。诗歌更是他喜好的读物。重得拿不动的大词典、辞典、百科全书等，他不仅挨着字母逐条细读，见了新版本，还不嫌其烦地把新条目增补在旧书上。他看书常做些笔记。