| doch | yes, of course | counteracts negative statement, used for persuasion, or implies something is obvious |
| ja | really | emphasis |
| aber | is it ever | emphasis |
| denn | well then | indicates impatience, or adds emphasis to question |
| gerade | right now | immediacy |
| nur, bloss | only, just | |
| mal | sometime, someday | used in suggestions, or softens commands |