Part ⅠStructure and Vocabulary(每题0.5分，共20分)选择下列答案中正确的一个，选择您认为正确的答案
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times [] 1979.
［A］from［B］after［C］for［D］since
The sentence should read, I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose ［D］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
1、Do you enjoy listening to records?I find records are often [] or better than an actual performance.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查表示同级比较的“AS...AS...”结构的用法。AS GOOD AS 用于形容词原级比较，OR后面用了形容词比较级，比较级对象用THAN引导。AS GOOD AS中，后面的AS不可省，它是连词，与THAN一起接ACTUAL PERFORMANCE。
［A］as good as
［B］as good
［C］good
［D］good as
2、My pain [] apparent the moment I walked into the room,for the first man I met asked sympathetically:“Are you feeling all right?”
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查“情态动词+动词不定式完成时”的用法。此题测试MUST+HAVE+过去分词的结构。此结构表示对已经发生的动作或情况的判断与猜测，译成“一定是，必定是”。
［A］must be
［B］had been
［C］must have been
［D］had to be
3、The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me [] she could remember who last borrowed it.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查连接词的正确用法。IF ONLY是连词，通常表示愿望，常译为“但愿，要是……就好了”，这样用时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是用动词的过去式表示现在，用HAD+过去分词表示过去，好几本考研铺导书都认为是此种用法。其实主句中动词谓语是一般过去时，IF ONLY后是COULD REMEMBER,也是过去时，证明不是用的虚拟语气。IF ONLY的另一个意思是“只要”，后面不接虚拟语气。全句应译为：“借书处年龄较大的馆员答应，只要她想起来谁最后借的这本书，她就替我找来”。
［A］ever since
［B］much as
［C］even though
［D］if only
4、Observations were made [] the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查介词的搭配用法。OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE OF THE CHILDREN= CHILDREN WERE MADE OBSERVATIONS OF,句中用了MADE OBSERVATIONS OF的被动式。由动词+名词+介词构成的短语动词变为被动时有两种方法：如：WATER POWER IS MADE USE OF.USE IS MADE OF WATER POWER.
［A］towards
［B］of
［C］on
［D］with
5、The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports,each [] one major point in contrast with the other.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对分词独立结构的掌握情况。MAKING是现在分词，EACH是代词，作其逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构，作状语。因为逗号不能连接两个并列句，［A］ MAKES是谓语动词，填入后，后半句对，但不可与前半句并列，所以错了。
［A］makes
［B］made
［C］is to make
［D］making
6、A safety analysis [] the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately,it was never done.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查虚拟语气知识。WOULD HAVE IDENTIFIED 是虚拟语气的过去式，表示与过去事实相反的假设，正符合后一句的意思。
［A］would identify
［B］will identify
［C］would have identified
［D］will have identified
7、The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查比较句型中的代词使用问题。THAT代替前面出现的名词 THE NUMBER OF REGISTERED PARTICIPANTS。因为名词是单数，所以只有用THAT才对。
［A］of last year's
［B］those of last year's
［C］of those of last year
［D］that of last year's
8、For there [] successful communication,there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查THERE TO BE和THERE BEING结构的不同用法。FOR THERE TO BE SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION是FOR+THERE TO BE的结构，表示目的。THERE 后接BEING时，前面不用FOR。THERE BEING常表示原因。
［A］is
［B］to be
［C］will be
［D］being
9、There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently [] what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查分词作定语的用法知识。此句较复杂，弄清句子结构是关键。THERE WAS A VERY INTERESTING REMARK...THAT I READ...WHAT HE THOUGHT WAS A REASON...是本句的主要结构。THAT从句是定语从句，修饰A BOOK。GIVING 是现在分词，表示主动，修饰REMARK。WHAT引导的是名词从句，作GIVING的宾语，其中的HE THOUGHT是插入语。
［A］giving
［B］gave
［C］to give
［D］given
10、No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything [] going on in the world.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查定语从句知识，可用排除法做。THERE IS是定语从句，修饰EVERYTHING,关系代词THAT被省略。THERE BE 句型作定语从句时，可以省略作主语的关系代词THAT。GOING ON IN THE WORLD是现在分词，作定语，修饰省略的关系代词THAT。THERE BE 后的现在分词，多看作定语。如：THERES SOMEBODY WANTING TO SEE YOU。
［A］it is
［B］as is
［C］there is
［D］what is
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)
Example:
A number of［A］ foreign visitors were taken［B］ to the industrial exhibition, which［C］ they saw［D］ many new products. Answer ［C］ is wrong. The sentence should read, A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］
11、I'd rather you (would go) ［A］ by train, because I (can't bear) ［B］ the idea of (your being) ［C］ in an air plane in (such) ［D］ bad weather.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查虚拟语气知识。WOULD GO改为WENT。ID RATHER=I WOULD RATHER,后面接从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是用动词的过去式。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
12、It's essential that people (be) ［A］(psychological) ［B］ able to resist the impact (brought about)［C］ by the transition from (planned) ［D］ economy to market economy.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题测试副词的用法。PSYCHOLOGICAL改为PSYCHOLOGICALLY。ABLE是形容词，不可由形容词PSYCHOLOGICAL修饰，须用其副词形式PSYCHOLOGICALLY来修饰。有不少考生选［A］，他们认为BE错了，其实在ESSENTIAL后的名词从句中，谓语动词应用(SHOULD)+动词原形。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
13、Some bosses dislike (to allow) ［A］ people (to share) ［B］ their responsibilities;they keep (all) ［C］important matters (tightly) ［D］ in their own hands.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查动名词的用法。TO ALLOW改为ALLOWING。DISLIKE后接动名词作宾语。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
14、Each cigarette which a person smokes (does) ［A］(some)［B］ harm, and eventually (you) ［C］ may get a serious disease from (its) ［D］ effect.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查代词的指代一致问题。YOU改为HE。［C］项部分的代词应与前面的A PERSON相一致，所以应用第三人称单数HE。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
15、(On the whole) ［A］，ambitious students (are much likely) ［B］ to succeed in their studies than (are those)［C］(with)［D］ little ambition.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查比较级的用法问题。ARE MUCH LIKELY改为ARE MORE LIKELY。后面有连词THAN，所以前面应当用形容词比较级。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
16、(Despite) ［A］ much research, there are still certain elements (in) ［B］the life cycle of the insect that (is) ［C］not fully (understood).［D］
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查主谓一致问题。IS改为ARE。THAT引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词ELEMENTS，而不是THE INSECTS,所以从句中的谓语动词应当用复数ARE。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
17、In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize, and (was honored) ［A］ in Germany until (the rise) ［B］ of Nazism (then) ［C］ he was driven (from) ［D］ Germany because he was a Jew.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查关系副词的正确用法。THEN改为WHEN。WHEN是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰THE RISE OF NAZISM。THEN不可引导定语从句。
［A］
［B］
［C］
［D］
18、The data (received) ［A］ from the (two spacecrafts) ［B］ whirling around Mars (indicate) ［C］ that there is much evidence that huge thunderstorms (are occurring) ［D］ about the equator of rhe planet.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题测试名词的单复数形式。TWO SPACECRAFTS改为TWO SPACECRAFT。SPACECRAFT单复数形式相同，不加“-S”。
19、Generally speaking,the bird flying (across) ［A］ our path is observed.and (the one) ［B］ staying on the tree near (at hand) ［C］ is passed by without any notice (taking) ［D］ of it.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题涉及被动语态问题。TAKING改为BEING TAKEN或TAKEN，表示被动。
20、Mercurys velocity is (so much) ［A］ greater than (the Earth's) ［B］ that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time (that) ［C］ takes the Earth to complete (one) ［D］.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题实是考查IT作形式主语的用法问题。THAT改为(THAT) IT。(THAT) IT TAKES THE EARTH TO COMPLETE ONE是定语从句，修饰先行词TIME，其中IT是形式主语，TO COMPLETE ONE是实际主语，关系代词THAT是TAKES的宾语，可以省略。
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found [] in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read, The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose ［C］.
Sample Answer［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］ 21、 I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were [].
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查动词短语的语义区别。CUT OFF 是“切断，打断”。［A］ HUNG UP 是“挂断”；［B］ HUNG BACK 是“犹豫，畏缩”；［C］ CUT DOWN 是“削减，降低”。
［A］ hung up
［B］ hung back
［C］ cut down
［D］ cut off
22、She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend [] here so that she could learn more about the city.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题是一道词形辨析题。SOME TIME 是“一些时间，一段时间”。［A］ SOMETIMES 是“有时”；［C］ SOMETIME 是“某时，日后”；［D］ SOME TIMES 是“几次”，一般应说 SEVERAL TIMES。
［A］ sometimes
［B］ some time
［C］ sometime
［D］ some times
23、 Ms. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be [] with everyone who comes to the store.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词汇的固定搭配知识。ACQUAINTED 是“熟悉，认识”。［A］ ACCEPTED 是“接受”；［B］ ADMITTED 是“承认”；［C］ ADMIRED 是“欣赏，爱慕”。
［A］ accepted
［B］ admitted
［C］ admired
［D］ acquainted
24、He does not [] as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题同样考查词汇的搭配使用知识。QUALIFY 是“合格，有资格”，与 AS 搭配。［A］ EQUAL 是“等于，相当于”，常与 TO 搭配；［B］ MATCH 是“相配”，常与 WITH 搭配；［D］ FIT 是“使合适，使符合”。
［A］ equal
［B］ match
［C］ qualify
［D］ fit
25、Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been [] the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题主要是考查惯用的动宾搭配。PURSUING 是“追求，寻求”，与 GOAL 搭配。［B］ CHASING 是“追逐，追赶”；［C］ REACHING 是“达到”；［D］ WINNING 是“赢得”。
［A］ pursuing
［B］ chasing
［C］ reaching
［D］ winning
26、The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that [] the speakers stoped for refreshmernts.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查介词短语知识。AT INTERVALS 是“不时，时时”。［A］ AT LARGE 是“逍遥法外；未被捕获”；［C］ AT EASE 是“自在，合适”；［D］ AT RANDOM 是“任意，随机”。
［A］ at large
［B］ at intervals
［C］ at ease
［D］ at random
27、When travelling, you are advised to take travellers checks, which provide a secure [] to carrying your money in cash.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查搭配及词义辨析知识。ALTERNATIVE 是“选择，替换物”。［A］ SUBSTITUTE 是“代用品”；［B］ SELECTION 是“选择，挑选”；［C］ PREFERENCE 是“偏爱；优先选择”。
［A］ substitute
［B］ selection
［C］ preference
［D］ alternative
28、I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a [] character.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生的词汇熟识程度。SUSPICIOUS 是“疑心的，可疑的”。［A］ GRACIOUS 是“宽厚的，优美的”；［C］ UNIQUE 是“独特的”；［D］ PARTICULAR 是“特殊的，个别的”。
［A］ gracious
［B］ suspicious
［C］ unique
［D］ particular
29、Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this [] produces artificial cold surrounding it.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生对上下句语义逻辑的把握能力。ABSORPTION 是“吸收”。［B］ TRANSITION 是“传递，过渡”；［C］ CONSUMPTION 是“消耗，消费”；［D］ INTERACTION 是“相互作用”。
［A］ absorption
［B］ transition
［C］ consumption
［D］ interaction
30、I didn't say anything like that at all. You are purposely [] my ideas to prove your point.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题同样考查考生的上下句语义逻辑的把握能力。HOSTILE 是“敌意的，敌对的”。［A］ IMPARTIAL 是“无偏见的，公正的”；［B］ MILD 是“温和的”；［D］ OPPOSING 是“相对的，相反的”。
［A］ revising
［B］ contradicting
［C］ distorting
［D］ distracting
31、 Language, culture, and personality may be considered [] of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题重点考查副词与介词的搭配使用问题。INDEPENDENTLY 是“独立地，单独地”。［A］ INDISTINCTLY 是“不清楚地”；［B］ SEPARATELY 是“分离地，分开地”；［C］ IRRELEVANTLY 是“无关地，不相干地”。
［A］ indistinctly
［B］ separately
［C］ irrelevantly
［D］ independently
32、Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to [] her laughter.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查HOLD引导的几个动词短语的用法区别。HOLD BACK 是“阻挡，抑制”。［B］ HOLD ON 是“坚持，继续”；［C］ HOLD OUT 是“维持，坚持”；［D］ HOLD UP 是“举起，拦截”。
［A］ hold back
［B］ hold on
［C］ hold out
［D］ hold up
33、The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her [] attitude toward customers.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词汇的一般知识。DISTORTING 是“歪曲，扭曲”。［A］ REVISING 是“修改”；［B］ CONTRADICTING 是“反驳；互相矛盾”；［D］ DISTRACTING 是“打扰，使走神”。
［A］ impartial
［B］ mild
［C］ hostile
［D］ opposing
34、I [] with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查一般的词汇知识。ACKNOWLEDGE 是“致谢，表示感谢”。［A］ EXPRESS 是“表示，表达”；［B］ CONFESS 是“承认”；［C］ VERIFY 是“证实”。
［A］ express
［B］ confess
［C］ verify
［D］ acknowledge
35、It is strictly [] that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题主要也是考查考生的词义熟识程度。REGULATED 是“规定”。［A］ SECURED 是“使安全，保护”；［B］ FORBIDDEN 是“禁止”；［D］ DETERMINED 是“决心，决定”。
［A］ secured
［B］ forbidden
［C］ regulated
［D］ determined
36、The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in [] again next spring.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题主要考查介词与名词的固定搭配。SESSION 是“会议”，BE IN SESSION 是“在开会，在进行中”。［A］ ASSEMBLY 是“集会，集合”；［C］ CONFERENCE 是“会议，讨论会”，不与 BE IN 搭配；［D］ CONVENTION 是“会议，大会”。
［A］ assembly
［B］ session
［C］ conference
［D］ convention
37、Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th [] the birth of Jesus Christ.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查介词短语知识。IN HONOR OF 是“纪念”。［A］ IN ACCORDANCE WITH 是“根据，符合”；B) IN TERMS OF 是“关于，就……而言”；［C］ IN FAVOR OF 是“赞成，支持”。
［A］ in accordance with
［B］ in terms of
［C］ in favor of
［D］ in honor of
38、 Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am [] to carrying out the plan.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题实质上是考查词汇的搭配使用知识。COMMITTED 是“托付，交给”，常用 BE COMMITTED TO + 名词(或动名词)结构。［A］ OBLIGED 是“迫使”，BE OBLIGED TO 后接不定式；［C］ ENGAGED 是“从事”，后接介词 IN；［D］ RESOLVED 是“解决”。
［A］ obliged
［B］ committed
［C］ engaged
［D］ resolved
39、It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it [] as well as we had hoped.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查动词短语知识。CAME OFF 是“实现；结果”。［B］ WENT OFF 是“离去，爆炸”；［C］ BROUGHT OUT 是“公布；出版，使出现”；［D］ MADE OUT 是“完成；拼凑”。
［A］ came off
［B］ went off
［C］ brought out
［D］ made out
40、To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must [] the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.
（本题分值：0.5分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题重点考查固定词语搭配问题。GEAR 是“使适应，使适合”，常用 GEAR + 名词 + TO (介词)的结构。［A］ IMPROVE 是“改进，提高”；［B］ ENHANCE 是加强；［C］ GUARANTEE 是“保证，保险”。
［A］ improve
［B］ enhance
［C］ guarantee
［D］ gear
Part ⅡCloze Test(每题1分，共10分)Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, [41] do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for [42] foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if [43] is missing a deficiency disease becomes [44].
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and [45] nitrogen. They are different [46] their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin [47] one or more specific functions in the body.
[48] enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for [49] vitamins. Many people, [50], believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a wellbalanced diet will usually meet all the body's vitamin needs.
41、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题主要测试考生的句法知识。本句说的是维生素起不到的两个作用。很明显，所填入的词必须是能表否定的、可前置、引导主谓倒装的并列句的，能强调“也不”的意思的。只有NOR符合要求。
［A］either
［B］so
［C］nor
［D］never
42、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查词汇搭配使用知识。“将食物转化为能量”即把一种物质转换成另一种物质。SHIFT是位置的转变；TRANSFER意为“转移，调动”，譬如某学生TRANSFER FROM ONE SCHOOL TO ANOTHER;ALTER意为“改变，更变”；TRANSFORM有“转换”的意思。只有TRANSFORMING符合题意。
［A］shifting
［B］transferring
［C］altering
［D］transforming
43、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题涉及代词的用法问题。四个选项都可作代词。这里所缺的主语当指前半句中十几种维生素之一，ANY可理解为ANY OF THEM,符合要求。SOME用于指代不可数名词中的一部分或可数名词中的几个或几种。此题中VITAMINS为可数名词复数，若用SOME,则必然与后面的“IS MISSING”不一致。ANYTHING和SOMETHING均为泛指代词，与上下文无关，排除。
［A］any
［B］some
［C］anything
［D］something
44、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生对上下文语义逻辑的连贯理解能力。如上一题做对，那么此题可迎刃而解。十几种维生素缺乏一种，还不致于使疾病“严重”(SERIOUS),更不足以“致命”(FATAL)。另外，SEVERE一般不与疾病连用。而APPARENT (明显的，显然的)，则与题意相符。
［A］serious
［B］apparent
［C］severe
［D］fatal
45、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查连词的使用知识。破折号后举例维生素的各种成分，连词AND表明各成分间为并列关系。若选MOSTLY,则与前文USUALLY矛盾，因为文章已明确谈到维生素由多种成分构成。若选PARTIALLY(部分、不完全地)，则完全多余。选RARELY(罕见地)否定含义，与AND暗示的并列关系矛盾。SOMETIMES则很通顺，说明最后一种元素NITROGEN(氮)可有可无。
［A］mostly
［B］partially
［C］sometimes
［D］rarely
46、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查连词的使用知识。空格前说“维生素(又是)不同的”，空格后说“它们的组成部分的排列顺序不同”。结合上一句来看，需要填充上一个词，来表示前后两部分的因果关系。故应选意思与BECAUSE相同的IN THAT。
［A］in that
［B］so that
［C］such that
［D］except that
47、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查连词的使用知识。四个选项均为常用动词。由于UNDERTAKE意为“承担(责任)、担任(职务)”，HOLD意为“占有(位置)、保持(状况)、坚守(立场)”，PLAY意为“做(游戏)、扮演(角色)、做(工作)”，都不能与FUNCTION连用，所以选PERFORM,其意为“履行(功能)，做工作”。
除PERFORM外，常与FUNCTION搭配的动词还有TO EXERCISE(GOVERNMENTAL FUNCTIONS),TO FULFILL(ONES SOCIAL FUNCTION),TO SERVE(A FUNCTION),TO ABUSE (ONES FUNCTIONS)等。
［A］undertakes
［B］holds
［C］plays
［D］performs
48、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生利用上下句语义参照做题的能力，也即，在语篇层次上理解做题的能力。对生命而言，重要的是获得必要的维生素，而非提供维生素，故［A］、［C］、［D］均不符合题意。
［A］Supplying
［B］Getting
［C］Providing
［D］Furnishing
49、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题也是一道上下文语义逻辑题。ALTHOUGH表明本句中存在转折关系。主句获得维生素对身体非常重要，故［A］、［C］、［D］应该说“过多的(EXCESS)”维生素也没什么好处。EXCEPTIONAL(例外的，不寻常的)，EXCEEDING(极度的，非常的)及EXTERNAL(外部的)放在句中显然不通。
［A］exceptional
［B］exceeding
［C］excess
［D］external
50、
（本题分值：1分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道明确的语义逻辑题。前面已说明了道理，最后一句说还是有许多人反其道而行之，显然，二者之间是转折关系。四个选项中，只有［A］NEVERTHELESS能起此作用。
［A］nevertheless
［B］therefore
［C］moreover
［D］meanwhile
Part ⅢReading Comprehension(每题2分，共40分)Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
单项选择题
Passage1
Tightlipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.”
Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.
Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.
This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could_be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your couldbe job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.
51、What do the elders mean when they say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.”?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道句义题，与词义题一样，解题关键在于上下文的综合参照。这句话如果补充完整，应为:ITS NOT WHAT YOU WANT THAT MATTERS,BUT WHAT YOU GET.意即：重要的不是你在这个世界上需要什么，而是你得到了什么。下文进一步阐述了这一层意思：只要你明白自己需要什么，且你的需要是合情合理的，你就能得到它。只有你明白WHAT YOU WANT,才会制定相应的计划，才会最终GET IT。强调重要的是WHAT YOU GET，其实就是强调要付出实际行动，类似于中国人认为的，要立志，更要践志，光有雄心壮志是不够的。所以选［B］。另外［A］中的CERTAINLY有悖作者的意思，［C］所表达的“知足常乐”的思想更是与本章无关。而在［D］中，“SET A GOAL”实际上就是DECIDE WHAT YOU WANT,已经被作者否定其ESSENTIAL(最根本，最重要)的地位了。
［A］Youll certainly get what you want.
［B］Its no use dreaming.
［C］You should be dissatisfied with what you have.
［D］Its essential to set a goal for yourself.
52、A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道逻辑题。由于文章的后三段全部在讲关于找工作的事，所以可以判断，作者引用格言也好，举建房、请客吃饭的例子也好，真正的原因在于说工作，说理想。第四段开头用了一个LIKEWISE,说明前后两段的类比关系。所以在从请客吃饭要做计划，说到找工作时，实际上也从找工作也要制订相应计划(即写简历、写求职信)开始，所以答案为［A］。
［A］an illustration of how to write an application for a job
［B］an indication of how to secure a good job
［C］a guideline for job description
［D］a principle for job evaluation
53、 According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题。其意思是：“这使人清楚认识自己”。由第四段最后一句及最后一段第一句可知，写简历的作用，在于让人明白自己到底有什么的能力，从而弄清应该去求什么样的职。
［A］that is the first step to please the employer
［B］that is the requirement of the employer
［C］it enables him to know when to sell his services
［D］it forces him to become clearly aware of himself
54、When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题实为一道词义题。考查对最后一段第一句话的理解如何。其中TANGIBLE与SELL的意思分别与DEFINITE和OFFER对应，因为TANGIBLE意为“明确”，SELL为“出卖(服务)”，意指“提供(服务)”。关键在于弄清TANGIBLE的意思。
译文 解读 出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“这个世界上不是你想要什么，而是你得到什么”。
心理学教给人们，如果你知道你想要什么，并且想要的是合理的东西，你确实能得到你想要的东西。 这是一篇议论文。
第一，二段指出只要知道自己需要什么，且要求合理，就可以得到。 你可以在脑子里描绘一幅愿望蓝图，就像画房屋的蓝图一样。事实上，在普通的日常生活中我们中每一个人都在描绘着这些蓝图。如果邀请朋友进餐，我们要计划菜谱，定采购清单，决定先做哪个菜。制定这样的计划对准备任何类型的饭菜都是必要的。 同样地，如果你想找到一份工作，那就先拿一张纸，把自己的情况简单写下来。在描绘工作蓝图时，你要从自己开始，因为当你准确知道你能提供什么时，你才能明确地计划到哪儿去谋职。 第四段指出求职之前也需好好规划，写好求职申请。 这份自我描述书实际是你工作生活的简历，应当包括所受教育、经验和证明材料。这样的一份简历是有价值的。填正式申请表时可以参照，面试时尤其有用。你的未来雇主在对你谈话时，就在掂量，如果雇佣你，是否你所受到的教育、工作经历和其他资格会使其受益。你的“商品”和能力必须要有条不紊地、合情合理地展示出来。 第五段描述了求职的准备工作，即自述的内容及作用。 当你精心地准备了自己能力与愿望的蓝图之后，你就有具体明确的东西可以推销了。你也就为你找工作做好了准备。收集关于要选择工作的所有信息，调查与工作和公司相关的细节。多观察，多听别人的意见，自己做出判断。每天花一定时间找你希望得到的工作，并且记住，确保找一个工作就是你现在的工作。 第六段指出还应尽可能地获取关于你未来工作的信息。
［A］definite to offer
［B］imaginary to provide
［C］practical to supply
［D］desirable to present
Passage2
With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporations news coverage, as well as listen to it.
And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They have brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, childrens programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household.
It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years — yet the BBCS future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publiclyfunded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nationwide debate in Britain.
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC — including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBCs royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.
Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it aint broke, dont fix it.” The BBC “aint broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word “broke”, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?
Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
55、The world famous BBC now faces [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。本文主要讲的就是大众对BBC是否该改变，甚至是否该继续存在的大讨论，由于人们观点不同，“THE BBCS FUTURE IS NOW IN DOUBT”(第三段第一句)，即其未来尚未确定。
［A］the problem of news coverage
［B］an uncertain prospect
［C］inquiries by the general public
［D］shrinkage of audience
56、In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道是非判断题。由第一段可知，［B］、［D］由第三段最后一句可知。文中找不到关于［C］的内容。
［A］Extension of its TV service to Far East.
［B］Programmes as the subject of a nationwide debate.
［C］Potentials for further international cooperations.
［D］Its existence as a broadcasting organization.
57、The BBC's “royal charter” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) stands for [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道词义题，考查“ROYAL CHARTER”一词的词义。大家知道，BBC是“国家办的，企业的”。在英国，与女王签有合约的企业才算是国家办的企业，但BBC实际上是“PUBLICLY FUNDED”。这些“英国国情”，说明了［A］的错误，［C］的正确。另外，［B］、［D］意为“契约，许可证”。
［A］the financial support from the royal family
［B］the privileges granted by the Queen
［C］a contract with the Queen
［D］a unique relationship with the royal family
58、The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题。BBC调整战略的最主要的原因(FOREMOST REASON)在文章最后一句有明确陈述：THE ARRIVAL OF NEW SATELLITE CHANNELS.
译文 解读 随着BBC英国广播公司电视节目的开播，亚洲和美洲成百万人现在不仅可以收听该公司的新闻广播而且还可以收看它的新闻报道。当然，英国听众和观众可以收到两个BBC电视频道，五个BBC全国广播电台和几十个地方电台。每户每年交83英镑收视费即可看到体育、喜剧、戏剧、音乐、新闻和时事、教育、宗教、议会、儿童和电影节目。 这是一篇议论文。
第一、二段地BBC的现状作了肯定性的介绍。 近70年来，BBC历程辉煌，但它的未来现在还难以判定。公司将作为公众资助的广播机构而存在，至少目前如此，但它的作用、规模和节目如今在英国成了全国争论的话题。 第三段指出BBC前途未卜，它的作用、规模和节目已成了全英国谈论的话题。 争论是由政府发起的。它邀了每一位对BBC有看法的人——包括普通听众和观众——说出公司好坏之所在，甚至说出他们认为该公司是否值得存在下去。这样做的原因是BBC所持的皇家特许证到1996年到期。政府必须决定对该公司维持原状还是进行变革。 第四段指出BBC的未来进行公开讨论的原因。 公司的辩护者——他们中很多人——喜欢引用美国的一个广告口号：“如果还没坏，就不要修理。”他们说BBC公司还没有“BROKE”，意指还没“BROKEN(垮掉)”(与表示“破产”的“BROKE”意义不同)。所以为什么要找麻烦去改变它呢? 第五段介绍维持现状者的看法。 然而，BBC将不得不进行变革，因为它周围的广播界正在发生变化。作为商业电视频道的独立电视公司和四频道按撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减工作人员。但是，新增加的卫星频道，其资金部分来自广告收入，部分来自用户费用，从长远来看会带来最大的变化。 第六段指出作者的看法：BBC必须改革。
［A］the emergence of commercial TV channels
［B］the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
［C］the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs
［D］the challenge of new satellite channels
Passage3
In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labor” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and stateowned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.
The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each others strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.
59、It's true of the old family firms that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道是非判断题。由第一段第三句可知，旧式家族企业的没落在于THE DECLINE OF EFFICIENCY,即相对之下，旧式家族企业比现代化企业的效率低下得多。［A］的错误在于绝对，因为COMMONLY一词说明尽管是普遍现象，但并非没有例外，而且YOUNG GENERATIONS也不等于文中的THE SECOND AND THIRD GENERATIONS。
［A］they were spoiled by the younger generations
［B］they failed for lack of individual initiative
［C］they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
［D］they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
60、The growth of limited liability companies resulted in [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道细节题。意为“资本与管理的分离”。有限公司的发展导致的结果在第二段有详细的阐述。对资本及企业大规模非个人操作，使持股人的数量及重要性都大大增加，他们形成一个阶级，使得资本与土地及土地的所有者分离，同时也使得资本与企业管理分离。即投资者并不必实际参与经营而是些吃红利或参加些间接管理，而真正的管理者未必是公司的拥有者。
［A］the separation of capital from management
［B］the ownership of capital by managers
［C］the emergence of capital and labor as two classes
［D］the participation of shareholders in municipal business
61、According to the passage, all of the following are true except that [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道是非判断题。［A］由最后一段第一句可知；［B］由最后一段第二句可知；［D］由最后一段第四句可知。［C］在文中找不到相应的内容。
［A］the shareholders were unaware of the needs of the workers
［B］the old firm owners had a better understanding of their workers
［C］the limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly
［D］the trade unions seemed to play a positive role
62、The author is most critical of [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题实为一道态度题，题目问文中作者对谁持强烈批评态度。题目的意思是：作者批评的最厉害的哪种人?由最后一段第四句知，作者对“工会”持肯定态度；最后一段第二句中，作者对“经理”的作用也持部分肯定的态度；最后一段第一句明显表现了“股东”的不满，用了“NO GOOD”这样表绝对否定的词。另外，文中没有直接评述“地主”的话。
译文 解读 19世纪下半期，“资方”和“劳方”按现代化方式不断扩大和完善各自相对立的组织。很多老商号由有限责任公司所取代。这种公司有由领薪经理所组成的官僚结构，通过雇佣大量专业人员，来满足新时代的技术要求，并阻止了效率下降。由于效率的降低，家族式商号通常在那些精力充沛的创始人之后的第二、三代之时就倒闭了。并且，这也是公司摆脱个体创始，向集体化和市营、国营迈出的第一步。铁路公司，虽然是为股东谋利的私人企业，也同过去的家族式商号大不一样了。同时，大城市也开始从商，对上税人提供照明、电车和其他服务项目。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段介绍了有限责任公司开始取代旧的家族企业，这样的公司具有效率高、服务多的优势。 责任有限公司和市属企业的增长具有重要的作用。对资本和企业这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国民生活的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且几乎同样与责任管理相分离。整个19世纪，美洲、非洲、印度、澳大利亚和欧洲部分国家因英国资本而得到发展，英国股东就这样在世界走向工业化过程中大发其财。像BORNEMOUTH和EASTBOURNE这样的城市兴起了，大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入，在这里过着悠闲的生活。他们与身外社会的人没有联系，只是分取红利，偶尔参加参加股东会议，对管理人员发号施令。另一方面，持股意味着悠闲和自由。在维多利亚后期，这被很多人视为传达文明的最高目标。 第二段讲述了这种变化所导致的结果便是造就了一个新的持股阶层。 这样的股东不了解他们持股公司里的工人的生活、思想和需要。他们对劳资关系并没有好的影响。代公司进行管理的领薪经理们对工人和工人的要求有直接的关系，但即使他们也不像昔日的家族式商号体系那样熟悉工人情况。确实，单就经营规模和工人数量来说，建立这种个人关系已经不可能了。然而幸运的是，工会的势力和组织在不断扩大，至少在各技术行业是如此，这使工人与雇佣他们的经理地位平待了。罢工与封厂的残酷惩罚教给双方互相新生对方的力量，理解公平谈判的价值。 第三段主要讲述了持股阶层及公司经理们与劳动者之间的隔阂及应对措施。
［A］family firm owners
［B］landowners
［C］managers
［D］shareholders
Passage4
What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America_breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry. Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”
A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered investors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process ... The designer and the inventor ...are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.”
This nonverbal “spatial” thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.”
When all these shaping forces — schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking — interacted with one another on the rich U.S.mainland, they produced that American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.
63、According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道细节题，考生要注意文章中相关部分的修饰词语。在作者看来，美国早期的发明创造热是由几个因素共同促进的，但是，在这些因素中，美国人的“空间”思维能力起了最大的作用(见第二段)。
［A］elementary schools
［B］enthusiastic workers
［C］the attractive premium system
［D］a special way of thinking
64、It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道推断题。第三段、第四段指出，小学教育是美国拥有大量发明的原因之一，而其重要部分是算术、几何及三角知识，即MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE。
［A］benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge
［B］shed light on disciplined school management
［C］was brought about by privileged home training
［D］owed a lot to the technological development
65、A technologist can be compared to an artist because [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道细节题。本题与63题有共通之处：NONVERBAL SPATIAL THINKING(非语言式的形象思维)是两种人的共同特征。
［A］they are both winners of awards
［B］they are both experts in spatial thinking
［C］they both abandon verbal description
［D］they both use various instruments
66、The best title for this passage might be [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道主旨题，考查考生对全篇文章信息进行综合归纳的能力。文章第一、二段自问自答，提出本文要论证的问题；第三、四段指出教育的影响；第五、六段指出了奖励制度的鼓励作用；第七、八段探讨了早期美国人特有的思维方式的决定性作用；最后一段是全文的总结。可见，本文主要探讨了早期美国人的创造热情及其根源。由于其根源在于极具创造性的，SPATIAL THINKING,所以选INVENTIVE MIND。(注意［C］不对，WAYS OF THINKING是复数，而文章只提到了一种思维方式；［C］不对，因为并没有不断列举INVENTIONS)。译文 解读 早期的美国，重大发明像电报，汽船和织布机大量涌现，这是什么原因呢?
在诸多形成因素中，我想特别提出的是这个国家优异的初等教育；欢迎新技术的劳动大军；给发明者以奖励的做法；最主要的，美国人处理技术问题时所具有的非语言的空间立体思维天赋。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段提出本文主要论证的问题。 为什么提到初等教育呢?因为多亏这些学校，我们早期的技工，特别是在新英格兰和大西洋沿岸中部各州，才普及了文化，熟悉了算术，具有了一定的几何、三角知识。
目光敏锐的外国观察者把美国人的适应能力和创造力与这种教育优势联系起来。一个1853年到这儿访问的英国访问团成员报道说：“有了在学校彻底训练过的头脑，美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的技工。”
发明的另一个刺激因素是来自“奖赏”制度，这个制度存在于专利制度之前，且若干年来与后者同时并存。这种做法来自国外，它给发明者以奖章、奖金和其他奖励。
在美国乡村博览会和大城市工业博览会都设有诸多奖项。美国人聚集到这些博览会，对新的机器赞叹不已，也因此更加坚信技术进步造福人类。
有了这种对技术创新的乐观态度，美国工人轻易地学会了那种非语言的思维方式，来适应机械技术的需要。正如EUGENE FERGUSON曾经指出的：“技术专家思考不能用清晰语言进行描述的物体；它们在头脑中以图形方式出现。以非语言方式处理……设计者和发明者能把这些还未面世的机械在头脑中组装，操作起来。”
这一非语言的空间立体思维方式像绘画、写作一样具有创造力。ROBERT FULTON曾经写道，“自己思路的展示，每一个新组合都传送一个新观念。” 第三、四、五、六、七、八段详细地说明这些原因及作用。 当所有这些构成因素——学校、开放态度、奖赏制度、空间立体思维的天赋——在富饶的美国大陆相互作用时，便产生了美国的特点——“EMULATION”。这个词现在仅表示“模仿”之义，但在美国早期，它却意味着为名誉和卓越进行友好、竞争的拼搏。 第九段进行了全文概括。
［A］Inventive Mind
［B］Effective Schooling
［C］Ways of Thinking
［D］Outpouring of Inventions
Passage5
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism／evolution are in the publishers pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard “scientific” creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitchers book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapters on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: “This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does—and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism／evolution debate.
67、“Creationism” in the passage refers to [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题是一道词义题，问“CREATIONISM”是什么。在本文中，作者将“造物主义理论”(或曰“创世纪主义理论”)与进化论对立而论，提出前者的基础是宗教而不是科学，指出了其“虚假性”(参考文章第一段最后第一句；第二段、第三段也对造物主义进行了批判)。DECEPTIVE意味“虚假的”，符合题意。
［A］evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe
［B］a notion of the creation of religion
［C］the scientific explanation of the earth formation
［D］the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe
68、Kitcher's book is intended to [].
（本题分值：2分）
【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道推断题，问KITCHER著书的目的是什么。对造物主义的批判是本文的重点。第二段指出，他利用合适的机会对造物主义进行了批判；在最后三章，他摘掉手套，将造物主义者狠狠揍了一顿，他描述了他们的纲领及手段，指出他们的欺骗程度和歪曲程度令人吃惊和厌恶。这样，作者对造物主义的来源和表现都作了批判，所以［B］是应选答案。
［A］recommend the views of the evolutionists
［B］expose the true features of creationists
［C］curse bitterly at his opponents
［D］launch a surprise attack on creationists
69、From the passage we can infer that [].<