1. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
【译文】我们生活在一个物质（药物）在医疗和社交方面使用都很广泛的社会里：用来缓解头痛的阿斯匹林，用来应酬的酒，早晨用来提神的咖啡，还有定神用的香烟。
【析句】句子的主干就是We live in a society，后面是一个which引导的定语从句in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive，修饰society。冒号后面的部分是并列关系的名词词组，用来举例说明前面提出的substances。
【讲词】pervasive意为“普遍的”。They discussed the pervasive role of science,technology,and health in foreign policy.（他们讨论了科学、技术和卫生在外交政策中的普遍作用。）sociable意为“友善的，好交际的，促进友谊的”。He was a sociable character who loved to discuss politics and sport at the local pub.（他是一个喜欢交际的人，喜爱在当地的酒吧里与人谈论政策和体育。）get going意为“出发,实行,使开动”。I have to get going with my book.（我得看书了。或：我得写书了。）
2. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
【译文】依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量，要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大，而一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状。
【析句】句子的主干结构是Dependence is marked。句中状语较长，注意and连接的两个by开始的介词词组是并列关系。
【讲词】dependence在句中的意思是“对药物的依赖”，withdrawal意为“停止用药”。