1. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
【译文】人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
【析句】本句是简单句。句子的主干为Interest... has arisen。此句较难之处一是对术语的理解和翻译，二是对句子结构的理解，特别是对less... more...的理解。
【讲词】historical methods在句中不是“历史的方法”，而是“历史研究的方法”。external challenge意为“外界的挑战”或“外部的挑战”，即“外界的意见”。the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是指“历史学能否成为一门学科”。internal quarrel意为“内部的争论”。
2. During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
【译文】在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
【析句】本句是简单句。句子的主干为traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies.designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的methodologies。
【讲词】augment意为“加强，充实”。The plan was augmented by further funding from the company.（公司进一步的注资加强了这一计划。）new forms of evidence意为new forms of historical evidence，因此应该译为“新的史料”或“新的史证”。