1. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.
【译文】然而在去年，软件公司已经开发出了新的技术，这些技术使得公司可以将信息直接“推”给消费者，即直接把营销信息传送给特定客户。
【析句】在这个简单句中，宾语tools带了一个that引导的定语从句，修饰tools。在定语从句中，transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers作伴随状语，进一步说明push information to consumer这种技术。
【讲词】target既是名词，意为"目标，对象，靶子"；也可作动词，意为"以......为目标"。targeted customers意为"目标客户"或"特定客户"。The violence was largely targeted on the ethnic minorities in that country.（这一暴力事件主要针对该国的少数族群。）
2. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.
【译文】网上文化推崇这样一个概念，即在你提出具体的要求之后，信息才会出现在屏幕上。
【析句】这个句子的主句是Online culture thinks highly of the notion，that引导的定语从句解释的就是notion的内容。现在分词短语（flowing onto the screen）修饰从句的主语information。
【讲词】to think highly of意为"高度评价，赞扬"。Think highly of yourself,for the world takes you at your own estimate.（你要高看自己，因为别人会根据你对自己的评价来看待你。）The president thinks highly of his visit to the country.（总统高度评价对该国的访问。）notion意为"概念；观念；想法"。Keynesian notion of functional finance is still highly regarded nowadays.（凯恩斯的功能财政观念至今仍然备受推崇。）另外，have a good notion of意为"很懂得"，have a notion that...表示"认为"，have no notion of表示"不明白；完全不懂"。