职称英语阅读判断解题技巧：例题讲解

 【例1】
　　 Dyslexia
　　 As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.
　　Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the world's great thinkers and scientists, Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 year ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain — the part that controls language — is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males that in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.
　　1. One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　2. Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　3. The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　4. The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　5. Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males that in right-handed females.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　6. It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby's mother.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　7. Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language properly.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　 答案及详解：
　　1．题目中的关键词是one out of five和American children. 根据顺序出题的特点，我们很快在原文第一段中找到答案，其中one out of是20%的同义改写，American children是all children in the United States的同义改写，因此该题的答案为A. Right。
　　2．题目中的关键词great thinkers and scientists. 我们在第二段中找到答案所在句。但是通过对比我们发现，原文中的限制词是one of，而题目中却是many。再仔细阅读文中发现，文中仅提到爱因斯坦和爱迪生为读写困难症的患者，并未讲述除爱因斯坦和爱迪生以外的思想家和科学家的情况，因此该题的答案为C. Not Mentioned。
　　3．题目中的关键词是专有名词Europe，我们很快在第二段第五行找到答案所在句。通过对比题目和答案所在句，我们发现从recognize → discover, more than 80 years ago → less than a century ago都属于同义改写，但惟一有差别的是文中提到的两个地方：Europe和the United States在80多年前发现了读写困难症病例，但题目中仅仅提到了Europe。对于这个问题，我们可以进行如下推理：设A = Europe，B = the United States，实际上这道题就变为这样一道推理题：如果A + B正确，那么A是否正确？实际上很简单：A + B成立（正确）的充分必要条件是正确，即A正确或者B正确。经过这样的推理，我们知道该题的答案应为A. Right。
　　4．题目中的关键词是bigger，我们很快在第二段第九行找到答案所在句。该句题目属反义表达，所以该题选B. Wrong。
　　5．题目中的关键词是more common。答案所在句在第二段第十句。对答案所在句必须进行逻辑分析，我们才能得出正确结论。设A = males，B = females，C = left-handed，D = right-handed。根据答案所在句前半句我们知道：A > B，根据后半句我们知道，C > D，于是我们进行如下推导：即以上可知，该题答案为A. Right。
　　6．题目中的关键词应为bad habits和baby’s mother，但是通读全文，我们只找到了无关信息baby’s body，由此可见，该题正确答案为C. Not Mentioned。
　　7．题目中的关键词是intelligent or creative，我们在全文最后一句找到答案，通过对比，我们知道：show themselves to be → turn out to be, solve → handle等均属同义表达，所以该题正确答案是A. Right。

【例2】
　　Named after an ex-Governor of New South Wales, Sydney is the state's capital city. Located on the south-east of Australia in the temperate zone, it enjoys a mild climate, averaging 14.5 hours of sunshine pet day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter. It is also the largest, oldest, and perhaps most beautifully situated city in Australia. First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation's major industrial, business, and manufacturing centres.
　　Sydney is home to nearly 4.4 million people (as of 1997). The suburbs reach out from the city centre and harbour some 55km to the north, 35km to the west and 30km to the south, creating a metropolitan area of about 3000 square kilometres. The 57 square kilometer harbour is one of the largest in the world, and famous for the unmistakable 134 metres high arch of the Harbour Bridge and the graceful sails of the Opera House. It is a busy waterway with ferries, freighters, hydrofoils and pleasure craft.
　　Not far from the city centre are the attractive old residential suburbs of Balmain, Glebe, and Paddington, where many people live in smart terraced houses, art galleries, pubs, and restaurants abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow, whereas the suburbs surrounding the city's cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow, whereas the suburbs surrounding the city's colleges and universities consist mainly of family homes and multi-unit blocks — an ideal situation for students looking for a homestay, or to rent. Sydney's newer suburbs now have a large multicultural population, and local shopping centres reflect the influences of many cultures.
　　As well as scores of cinemas and theatres throughout the city and suburbs, there are numerous clubs which appeal to people of all ages, and cater for all tastes. Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city.
　　In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets. In summer, cafe patrons often sit outside at tables under umbrellas, and enjoy the passing parade of shoppers. Students who prefer to cook at home can choose from several large weekend markets, where fresh fruit, fish, and vegetables may be bought more cheaply than at the local supermarket. Sydney also has its own China town.
　　In the heart of the city are several big department stores linked by enclosed over-the-street crossings and underground walkways. Most noticeable are the towering centre point complex and the Queen Victoria Building, both containing many shopping arcades, coffee shops and restaurants. Out of town, in the suburbs, there are huge regional shopping centres. At the weekend markets, bargains can be had when shopping for clothing as well as for a wide range of assorted goods.
　　Australia is recognised as one of the most sports-conscious nations in the world. Sydney boasts an impressive number of facilities for all types of indoor and outdoor sporting activities. Wherever one goes, there are golf courses, cricket pitches, football ovals, tennis and squash courts, and, of course, indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Avid ice-skating and ten-pin bowling fans will find that these activities are also popular and inexpensive.
　　 1. Sydney was first established as a settlement for convicted criminals.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　2. Sydney Harbour is the largest in the world.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　3. The streets of Paddington are not very wide and contain houses arranged in rows.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　4. The Entertainment Centre is only for international popular music artists who attract large audiences.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　5. There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　6. Some department stores in Sydney are joined by walkways above and below the ground.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　7. Australians are sports-minded people, but this is not realised by the rest of the world.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned
　　答案及详解：
　　1．题目中的关键词是first，对应原文的第二段，其中有一句：First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788，是题目的同义表达，答案为Right。
　　2．题目中的关键词是Harbour，对应原文的第三段，其中有一句：The 57 square kilometer harbour is one of the largest in the world. 原文说悉尼港是世界最大的港口之一，题目讲悉尼是世界最大的港口。题目的范围小于原文的范围，答案为Not Mentioned。注意，答此题不能凭借自己的知识，事实上，世界最大的港口是荷兰的鹿特丹，但文章当中没说，所以不能答Wrong。
　　3．题目中的关键词是Paddington，对应原文的第四段，其中有一句：Paddington, where many people live in smart terraced houses, art galleries, pubs, and restaurants, abound in the cosy streets that tend to be quite narrow. terraced 对应题目中的arranged in rows, quite narrow 对应题目中的not very wide，原文和题目是同义表达，答案为Right。此题主要考词terraced的意思，目前考试中，很少考对一个词的理解。
　　4．题目中的关键词是entertainment，对应原文的第五段，其中有一句：the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Centre in the heart of the city. 原文说both local and international，题目说only for international。原文是两个条件并列，题目是only其中一个条件。答案为Wrong。
　　5．题目中的关键词是restaurants，第六段原文中提到了悉尼有各种各样的餐馆，但并没有与过去相比，答案为Not Mentioned。
　　6．题目中的关键词是department stores，快速阅读原文第七段落第一句为：In the heart of the city are several big department stores linked by enclosed over-the-street crossings and underground walkways. linked by 对应题目中的joined by，原文和题目是同义表达，答案为Right。
　　7．题目中的关键词是sports，快速阅读原文第八段落第一句话：Australia is recognised as one of the most sports-conscious nations in the world. 原文说recognised，题目说not realized，是not加同义词，答案为Wrong。