1) 分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致.否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格.在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等.例如:
The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave.
完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假.
He being absent, nothing could be done.
由于他缺席,什么事也没法干.
2) 独立结构有时也可以用"with/ without +名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词"的结构,表示伴随状况.例如:
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixedon the lake.
他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面.
With him helping me, I felt lucky.
有他的帮助,我感到很幸运.
5 . 容易混淆的现在分词和过去分词
像 interesting 和 interested 一类的分词在意义和用法上很容易混淆,一般可作如下区分:
( 1 )一部分表示"情感;心情"等意义的动词的现在分词有"令人……的;具有……性质的"的意思,常用来说明人或事物的特征或性质.如:
The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.
( 2 )它们的过去分词有"感到……的"的意思,用来指人的感觉或所处的状态,因而它的主语一般不可能是指物的词.如:
He was too excited to fall asleep.
这类容易混淆的分词常见的有: encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; inspiring, inspired; interesting, interested; puzzling, puzzled; astonishing, astonished; surprising, surprised 等.