1) 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况.通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句.例如:
Confined to bed (= Because she was confined to bed), she needed to be waited on in everything.
她卧病在床,什么事都需要人伺候.(作原因状语)
Having only book knowledge (= If you only have book knowledge), you will not be
able to work well.
如果只有书本知识,你就不可能做好工作.(作条件状语)
They stood there waiting for the bus. (=They stood there and waited for the bus.)
他们站在那里等公共汽车.(作方式状语)
2) 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致.分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词.有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的
意思更清楚、更连贯.例如:
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
如果你努力,你会成功的.
Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手.