Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力
2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因
3.解决的办法
College Students on the Job Market
_____________________________________________________________________________
Part I Writing
【写作思路】
本文是关于对某种社会现象的讨论，探讨其原因，并提供解决问题的方案。
毕业生就业压力大，是目前比较热门的话题，媒体、社会以及学生本人都会时不时的讨论，所以文章难度不是很大。
文章开篇提出就业压力大的问题，毕业生越来越多，而就业市场却保持稳定，两者之间的不平衡，导致毕业生面临越来越大的就业压力。
第二段讨论出现这种问题的原因。第一方面，从宏观上来看，整个世界的经济危机影响了就业市场;第二方面，从学校招生来看，热门专业人数过多，结果供过于求，而冷门专业学生很少，结果供不应求。
第三段针对第二段的原因，探讨相应的解决方案。从政府的角度出发，要尽可能的采取各种手段帮助经济恢复，帮助学生就业;从个人角度出发，要学会自主选择，不追潮流，学习自己感兴趣的，努力提高自身素质，增强竞争能力。
【参考范文】
More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.
There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. What's more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.
The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?
Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.
The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors' offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.
UPMC's early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMC's IT department had implemented over the years.
On the mend
Although UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.
If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, don't be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care network's IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.
Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMC's Magee-Women's Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that they're losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now."
Opportunities and costs
Given the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians' notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.
Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctor's office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.
The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctor's offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.
The cost of getting it wrong
The difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard D'Avolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients' conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.
This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, D'Avolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you can't measure something, you can't improve it, and without access to this data, you can't measure it."
To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justify the significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful use
Aggregating info to create knowledge
Ideally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, D'Avolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," D'Avolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.
1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because —————.
A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the past
B) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the past
C) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtful
D) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital
2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) —————.
A) is the first medical center to adopt information technology
B) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technology
C) spent less money on information technology than it was estimated
D) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties
3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because —————..
A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staff
B) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United States
C) UPMC makes EHR systems look easy
D) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 1996
4. The success of the EHR program is decided by —————..
A) the fact whether the information technology is available or not
B) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technology
C) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technology
D) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems
5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that —————.
A) the cost is too high for the hospital to afford
B) physicians are unwilling to adopt it
C) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise
D) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients
6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT —————.
A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospital
B) it is possible to improve the health care
C) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in care
D) it could save as much as $100 million annually
7. The hospital’s managers prefer to —————.
A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technology
B) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable service
C) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospital
D) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money
8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.
9. D'Avolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.
10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
原文精译
【1】给自己的事业买最好的保险
消防队无意之中淹没了Mad Gab's的总部，Mad Gab's是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。尽管Melchionda知道，保险公司会替她换掉损坏的桌椅、电脑以及唇膏架子，但她仍泪流满面。然而，让她吃惊的是，随后几个月，才是真正的痛苦，她一直亏欠工资和租金，销售额慢的像涓涓细流。
【2】Melchionda女士说，“没有投保最重要的企业停顿保险”。她已经投保了财产险和责任险，却从没有想到多买一张保单，以承担事故之后的收入损失。
企业主们有很多类似Melchionda女士的经历。他们的很多保单要么不足以涵盖所有损失，要么投保了错误的风险。关于保险的怨言，有些可以归咎于吝啬的保险公司或信息有误的代理人，更多却是因为企业家自己的保险决策不够全面。
独立的保险代理人Steven Spiro说，“一般来讲，干小生意的人并不太清楚他们拥有或需要的保险范围”。他解释，这些人买保险只是为了遵守办公室租赁条约的要求。
选择代理人
【3】买保险可能让人胆怯，很难知道哪些人是想利用你，哪些人是给你忠告。所以你应该咨询同行的企业家们，他们购买了何种保险以及是向谁购买的。有三类人可以帮你选择保险：独立代理人，专属代理人，风险咨询师。
独立代理人，别称“经纪人”，因为他们代表很多家保险公司，所以可以提供很好的选择。保险公司付他们佣金，一般是一张保单每年保险费的10%到20%。注意：由于某些保险公司付给更多佣金，这些经纪人可能受到诱惑，会有私心和偏爱。
专属代理人代表某一家保险公司，从该保险公司领取薪水，并对其绝对忠诚。一些诸如Allstate的公司只和自己的代理人打交道;也就是说，你只能通过该家保险公司的代理人来购买此公司的保险。
每年年末，按照卖出去的保险和赔偿损失之间的比率，独立代理人和专属代理人都可拿到奖金。这意味着，卖给你尽可能多的保险，而最小化你的索赔，是符合他们利益的。
也要理解，大部分代理人只注意保险。美国保险研究所主要从事小本生意研究的专家Arthur Flitner说，“有时候，没有保险，你的问题反而可能处理的更好。”比如说，建立基金以备不时之需，自己为自己投保来应对某些财产风险;或执行严格的雇佣政策，减少诉讼风险，从经济角度来看，这些更有意义。
这时就需要风险咨询师的帮助了。他们收费很高，一个简单的项目就要花费几千美元。【4】如果你的运作有很大风险，如果你的公司一年收入2500万美元，如果你的公司有100多名员工，这时候雇佣风险专家，才有意义。
找到了可信的代理人，接下来就要买保险了。你想去找多少个代理人都可以，但是需要记住：同样的保险项目，保险公司不会寻找不同的代理人。
选择保单
如果公司总值低于300万美元，你很有可能需要被称为B.O.P.的业主保单，它把业务保单集中在一起，还让你增添必要的保单。每个保险公司的B.O.P.都不一样，购买的时候，要确保自己进行了精确的比较。
如果公司总值高于300万美元，你可能必须分开购买保险。如果公司有几十名员工，做生意不得不买的保单有四个：
【5】员工赔偿保险是州法律要求的，它涵盖员工的医疗费用、残疾人士福利金和死亡赔偿，【6】保险比率因行业和职业不同相差甚远。秘书的保险费可能是，每100美元工资给付22美分，而盖顶工可能是，每100美元给付20多美元。确保你的生意分类正确，不要把玩具厂(制造业被认为是高风险的)误归为设计公司(低风险)。雇员填写索赔表格时，保险公司会认为，你的公司是一个风险系数比较高的设计公司，从而提高保险费。
【8】财产保险包括房产和办公室里的设备。所在建筑的年龄大小，距离消防队的远近，建筑材料是钢铁还是木材，都会使保险比率大有不同。
要注意共同保险条款，如果保险公司认为投保金额不足，这个条款允许保险公司只赔偿部分损失。让代理人加上“协定保险价额 ”，你和保险公司认同一个合适的保险价值。这可能让保险费提高15%，却减少了随后的争端。
一般责任保险涵盖公司对他人健康、财产或名誉带来的伤害损失。一般来说，保险费的比率要考虑以下因素：收入，办公室规模，客户数量。大多数的基本成套保险，是每次危险保100万美元;而伞状保单以相对低的价格涵盖更大范围。
【9】如果可能，一定买比较贵的“发生”保单，它在事故发生当时就给你赔偿，哪怕你已停业或保单已过期。“索赔”保单与此相反，它只有在你受保期间索赔才有效。
【10】企业停顿保险——Melchionda女士本该买的保险，它不仅赔偿事故之后房子重建期间的销售损失、房租、工资损失;还出钱帮你租赁临时办公室或设备，这样你可以尽快的回到轨道上去。
这些保单仅仅是投保的开始。根据你经营的生意种类，还可增加其他几十个保单。像医生、医院的医疗过失保险，这些非常重要;而另一些纯粹是浪费。想要决定你需要哪些保险，可以先问自己两个问题：你承受损失的可能性有多大，你自己可以赔偿所有损失吗?正如专家指出的那样，保险旨在赔偿大灾难，而不是日常维护。
【7】公共调解员George Von York说，“这是场赌博”。他帮助业主和保险公司谈判，以期获得更多赔偿。“大部分人一辈子也没有得到实在的赔偿。但是，孩子，在你需要时，最好还是有保险。”
1. 答案 A
解析：本题考查考生对整篇文章大意的掌握。本篇快速阅读的标题为“为自己的公司买最好的保险”，暗示文章内容围绕着如何买保险而展开的。选项A是标题的同义表述，而B、C、D仅仅涉及了买保险过程中的某一个因素。
2. 答案D
解析：题干中的人名Gabrielle Melchionda出现在文章一开始。文章开头讲述Melchionda女士的遭遇。因为没有保“企业停顿保险”，Melchionda女士蒙受了损失，感到痛苦。答案D是正确选项。
3. 答案B
解析：题干中in that相当于连词because，表示原因。考题考查买保险为什么让人感到害怕。考生可定位在文章的第五段，文章提及有些是忠告，有些却是在利用投保人，而这之间很难分辨。选项B是对此句话的总结。
4. 答案C
解析：考题考查在特定的情况下，投保人应该如何做。考生可根据题干中“如果你的运作有很大风险”，将答案定位在第一个小标题picking an agent的最后两段，文章讲到，此时你需要雇风险咨询师，所以选项C是正确答案。
5. 答案A
解析：考题问到，州法律要求的保险是什么?第二个小标题picking a policy下面的第三段中讲“员工赔偿保险是州法律要求”，所以选项A是正确答案。
6. 答案D
解析：根据题干中的“worker's compensation”，考生可继续锁定第二个小标题下的第三段，原文中讲“Rates vary widely by industry and occupation”，其中vary意为“不同，变动”，和选项D中的be different同义。
7. 答案B
解析：根据题干中的人名George Von York，考生可锁定文章的最后一段，George Von York认为保险就是一场赌博，一辈子可能用不到，可是又不能没有，如果有可能，你还是需要买保险。从中可以看出George Von York的态度，他是建议人们买保险的，而选项C是个干扰项，他并不是向投保人收费很高，而是帮助投保人获得更高的索赔。
8. 答案equipment in your office
解析：根据题干，考生可找到第二个小标题picking a policy下面的第四段，它讲到财产保险涵盖的方面。
9. 答案available
解析：根据题干，考生可锁定第二个小标题picking a policy下面的第七段，原文讲到买这种保险的条件。
10. 答案a temporary office or equipment
解析：根据题干中的business interruption insurance，考生可锁定第二个小标题picking a policy下面的第八段，文中提及“企业停顿保险”的承保内容。
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. A) The man didn't have much time to spend working on his essay.
B) The man was too busy to complete the assignment.
C) The man shouldn't have turned in the essay late.
D) She's sorry she couldn't help the man last week.
12. A) At the information desk.
B) In a department store.
C) In a restaurant.
D) At a railway station.
13. A) She'll go to the game later.
B) Noise disturbs her when she's reading.
C) She prefers to use headphones.
D) The man should turn off the radio.
14. A) The man should not have stayed up so late.
B) She likes to go to see new films.
C) She wants to go to a film with the man.
D) She prefers old films to new ones.
15. A) She doesn't know where the man went.
B) She doesn't know how to get to the library.
C) She can give the man directions.
D) She wants to find out where Olympic Street is.
16. A) It's a bestseller of the year.
B) She has temporarily forgotten the title.
C) The title is rather difficult to pronounce.
D) She can never recall the title of the book.
17. A) She thinks Henry is not funny enough.
B) She enjoys Henry's humor a great deal.
C) She must learn to understand Henry's humor better.
D) She doesn't appreciate Henry's humor.
18. A) He's waiting to hear from potential employers.
B) He plans to write the letters soon.
C) He missed the job application deadlines.
D) His job interviews went very well.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) On a bicycle trip.
B) Toa recycling center.
C) To a paper mill.
D) On a business trip.
20. A) Reading cards, calendars and writing paper.
B) Art books and other high-quality printed matter.
C) Insulation for basements.
D) Imitation wood.
21. A) The quality of paper will improve.
B) Paper prices will go down.
C) Garbage dumps will decrease in size.
D) Trees will be saved.
22. A) Husband and wife.
B) Mother and son.
C) Teacher and student.
D) Friends.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) The man's brother.
B) The man's roommate.
C) A neighbor.
D) A photographer.
24. A) He's noisy.
B) He's messy.
C) He has too many boxes.
D) He goes to class alone.
25. A) He worked for a radio station.
B) He lived in a dormitory.
C) He took a long trip.
D) He visited the man's family.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) To buy goods or obtain services without immediate payment.
B) To buy goods directly from a central billing office.
C) To obtain services with a check.
D) To buy goods with a check.
27. A) A company's number.
B) A bank's number.
C) An account number.
D) A check number.
28. A) It calculates the total price of purchases by the card holder during the month.
B) It sends the card holder a bill.
C) It sends the card holder a check.
D) Both A and B.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) In Asian culture.
B) In Islamic culture.
C) In western culture.
D) In ancient culture.
30. A) Folk music and classical music.
B) Classical music and popular music.
C) Popular music and folk music.
D) None of the above.
31. A) Entertainment.
B) Social adherence.
C) Communication.
D) Religious ritual.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) On April 26, 1611.
B) On April 23, 1611.
C) On April 26, 1616.
D) On April 23, 1616.
33. A) In 1585.
B) In 1584.
C) In 1583.
D) In 1586.
34. A) People know almost nothing about Shakespeare's early life.
B) Shakespeare was already well known before he went to London.
C) People know a lot about Shakespeare's life in London.
D) People know only a little about Shakespeare's life in London.
35. A) Shakespeare was not interested in making a profit.
B) Shakespeare could get one-tenth of the profits of the Globe Theater.
C) Shakespeare, like his fellow writers, had no business sense.
D) Shakespeare's fellow writers shared the same profits.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Recently, air travel is becoming more and more popular and many large airports have now reached the limit of the number of aircraft movements they can 36 . The problem is made worse by the size of many major cities which prevents the 37 of existing airports. Any new airports to be built a long way from city centers will create 38 problems arid in many countries there simply isn't enough land for such developments.
Now a new 39 has been put forward which would help to 40_ the congestion, as far as short flights are concerned. This 41 the use of smaller aircraft, carrying about 50 passengers, which only require a short take-off or landing area and which make 42_ little noise because they are propeller-driven.
The main problem 43 is the question of noise. 44 __________ _____________ ___ _ , that any government can expect to find considerable resistance to building new airports in towns, even though these short-range small planes are relatively quiet. 45______________ ______ if they can have the conveniences of an airport near the city center. In the end, 46______________ ______
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11.
M: I can't believe the low mark I got on my last essay —it couldn't have been that bad.
W: Last week was so busy for you. I'm surprised you were even able to get it done on time.
Q: What does the woman imply?
答案A
解析：根据选项，考生可推断听力对话是关于男士的作文问题。男士说，不敢相信作文分数那么低;女士回应：上周你太忙了，我很惊讶你能准时做完。女士暗示，上周男士花在作文上的时间太少了。
12.
W: I have a complaint to make, sir. I waited 10 minutes at the table before the waiter showed up. When I finally got served, I found it was not what I ordered.
M: I'm terribly sorry, madam. It is a bit unusually busy tonight. As a compensation, your meal will be free.
Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?
答案C
解析：根据选项，考生可判断问题是关于地点的，所以在听力过程中，考生要特别关注对话中暗示地点的词组。女士提及到“the waiter，got served，what I ordered”，男士提到“your meal will be free”，从中可以判断对话发生在饭店。
13.
M: Does it bother you if I have the ball game on? I can use headphones if you like.
W: Actually a little peace and quiet would be nice. At least until I finish this chapter.
Q: What does the woman imply?
答案B
解析：根据选项，考生要特别注意对话中男士和女士的做法。男士说：我听球赛会不会影响你?如果你愿意，我可以戴耳机。女士没有直接回答男士的问题，而是说：安静当然好了，至少我要读完这一章。从中可以判断噪音是会影响女士读书的，而选项C是干扰项，是男士戴上耳机。
14.
M: I'm exhausted! I was up till 3 a. m. watching Romeo and Juliet. It was great!
W: Oh, I missed it! You should've called me. I'll take those old classics over modern movies any time.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案D
解析：选项是关于女士对新、老电影的看法。男士说：昨晚看《罗密欧和茱丽叶》看到凌晨三点!女士感叹自己错过了这部电影，然后用should have called的形式表示虚拟，暗示男士应该叫醒自己的，随后女士用了动词短语take A over B，表示“比起B，更喜欢A”，从中可以看出女士的态度，她更偏爱老电影。
15.
M: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the library?
W: Well, do you know where Olympic Street is?
Q: What does the woman's question indicate?
答案C
解析：选项是关于问路的。男士问：去图书馆怎么走啊?女士并没有直接回答男士的问题，而是问：你知道Olympic Street在哪里吗?女士暗示，如果男士知道Olympic Street，她就可以给男士指路，从而表明女士知道去图书馆的路。
16.
M: Are you sure you can't recall the name of the book?
W: It's just on the tip of my tongue!
Q: What does the woman say about the book?
答案B
解析：根据选项，考生要注意听力对话中的书名。男士问：你确定记不起书名了吗?女士说：就在嘴边!这里on the tip of one's tongue，表示“就在嘴边，暂时想不起来”，选项B中的temporarily意为“暂时地”。
17.
M: Henry is certainly the funniest person in class; he can always make everyone laugh.
W: I think I still have to get used to his sense of humor.
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案D
解析：选项是女士对Henry幽默的看法。男士说：Henry绝对是班里最幽默的;女士没有直接回应，而说：我想，我需要习惯他的幽默感。从中，可以判断女士并不喜欢Henry的幽默。
18.
W: Well, I have my first job interview on Monday. Have you had any luck with those letters of application you sent out?
M: It's still too soon to tell. Most of the application deadlines haven't even passed yet.
Q: What can be inferred about the man?
答案A
解析：选项是关于男士的工作、面试问题。考生在听力中要特别关注面试的结果等细节。女士说：周一我要去面试。你寄出去的求职信有结果吗?男士回答说：还很早，不知道结果;求职信的最后期限还没有到。从中可以推断，男士目前没有收到面试通知，正在等待可能的回复。
Conversation One
W: 【19】I'll go over to the recycling center this after noon. Would you like me to take your old newspaper and paper bags along?
M: I do have a lot of papers and magazines down in the basement. Volunteers used to come by these apartments regularly to collect waste paper. I still save it. But people seldom ask for nowadays and I've never gone over to the recycling center myself.
W: That's typical. A few years ago, people were really enthusiastic about reusing waste paper. Unfortunately, interests have been decreasing lately. Manufacturers now use wastepaper for things like they need to find new commercial uses for recycled paper.
M: 【20】I suppose things like reading cards, calendars and writing paper could be made from it too. But recycled paper usually has a dingy color, doesn't it?
W: Well, it wouldn't be suitable for art books or high-quality magazine paper. But who cares about the drab color 【21】if the waste paper can take the place of the virgin woods, pulp and so help to preserve forests.
M: You are right. 【22】I'll bring my waste paper over to your apartment a little while. Thanks for offering to take it.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you've just heard.
19. Where is the woman going this afternoon?
20. According to the speakers, what products are now made from recycled paper?
21. What major benefit does the woman see to using waste paper?
22. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
19. 答案B
解析：听力一开始，女士就提到了下午要去“the recycling center”，即“废物回收中心”。考生要特别注意cycle意为“骑自行车，(使)轮转，(使)循环”，而recycle意为“回收利用”。
20. 答案A
解析：听力接下来讨论废纸如何重新利用。女士说，现在废纸有很多商业用途。男士接着说，废纸可以用来制作卡片，日历和信纸。从中考生可判断A为正确选项。
21. 答案D
解析：从选项中，考生可以推测问题是关于回收利用废纸的好处。听力对话后半部分中女士说：如果废纸可以帮助保护森林，谁会在乎颜色?从中可以判断，女士认为回收废纸的最大好处是，可以保护树木。
22. 答案D
解析：由选项可推测问题是关于两者之间的关系。听力最后，男士说：随后我把废纸送到你公寓去。从中可以推断，这是两家人，并不是夫妻或母子关系。听力中一直提到“apartment(公寓)”，两者之间是师生关系的可能性很小，最有可能就是住的比较近的朋友关系。
Conversation Two
W: Let's go in here and order some coffee while we look at your pictures.
M: Good idea. We'd both like coffee, please. OK, here's one of Ed's, 【23】my roommate. I took this picture right after we had arrived at the school this fall. We had just met, in fact. And this was our room of the dormitory while we were unpacking all our things. What a mess !
W: You certainly had a lot of boxes. How did you ever find room for everything?
M: In the beginning, we thought we'd never get all arranged but now we are very comfortable. Lucky for me, Ed keeps his things neat.
W: Do you like living in the dormitory?
M: It's not bad. 【24】Sometimes Ed turns his radio up too loud and makes too much noise. Then I get angry. Sometimes I leave my books lying around and he gets angry. But usually we get along. 【25】Here's a picture of him taken when we went to visit my family during vacation.
W: And this last one?
M: That's my dog Spot.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the first conversation you've just heard.
23. Who is Ed?
24. Why does the man sometimes get angry at Ed?
25.What did Ed do during vacation?
23. 答案B
解析：根据选项，考生可以推断考题是关于某人的身份。听力一开始，两个人在咖啡馆点了咖啡，男士就介绍了Ed，是他的室友。
24. 答案A
解析：选项讨论了某位男士的特点，选项中he有可能指说话人，也有可能指Ed，考生要分清楚。女士问：喜欢住在宿舍吗?男士回答：还不错，有时候Ed把收音机开的很大，噪音很大，他会生气;有时候他把书乱扔，Ed会生气。而问题是：为什么男士会对Ed生气?很明显，男士生气，是因为Ed制造噪音。
25. 答案D
解析：选项讨论了某位男士的行为，考生要注意He的指代。听力最后提及，假期时Ed拜访了说话人一家。答案D是正确选项。
Section B
Passage One
【26】A credit card permits its holders to buy goods or obtain services without immediate payment. Possession of a card identifies the owner, who can obtain consumer credit. 【27】Each card has an account number which is recorded by the seller, who sends it to a central billing office. 【28】The office calculates the total price of purchases by the card holder during the month and sends him a bill. The buyer sends his check to the central office, which allocates the money to establishments extending credit.
Credit cards were used in some American stores during the 1920s, but they did not gain wide acceptance. In 1938 rival American oil companies issued them to consumers and established a national pool to honor each company's card. This was the start of the credit card's popularity.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you've just heard.
26. What does a credit card permit its holders to do?
27. What does each credit card have?
28. What does a central billing office do?
26. 答案A
解析：听力段落一开始就讲到信用卡的用途，持卡人当时不用付账，就可以购买物品或享受服务。所以A为正确答案。
27. 答案C
解析：选项提到某个号，考生要注意听力中的细节。接下来，听力中讲，每张信用卡都有一个账号，而选项中A、B、D在听力中并没有提及。
28. 答案D
解析：选项是关于某种东西的功能。听力接下来提到billing office，随后讨论它的功能，计算持卡人每月的总花费，并寄给他一个账单。选项C是个干扰项，是购买者把支票寄给billing office。
Passage Two
【29】In western culture music is regarded as good by birth, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures for example, Islamic culture——it is of low value, associated with sin and evil. In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, 【30】classical music, composed and performed by trained professionals originally under the support of courts and religious establishments; second, folk music, shared by the population at large and passed on orally; and third, 【30】popular music, performed by professionals, spread through radio, television, records, films, and print, and consumed by the urban mass public.
Music is a major component in religious services, theatre, and entertainment of all sorts. 【31】The most universal use of music is as a part of religious ritual. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence. Music also symbolizes military, patriotic and funeral moods and events. In a more general sense, music may express the central social values of a society. In western music, the interrelationship of conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you've just heard.
29. In what culture is music regarded as good by birth?
30. Which of the following is performed by professionals?
31. According to the passage, what is the most universal use of music?
29. 答案C
解析：根据选项，考生要特别判断音乐在不同文化中的地位。听力一开始，就说在西方文化中，音乐地位很高，而在Islamic(伊斯兰)文化中，音乐价值很低，所以C为正确选项。
答案B
解析：根据选项，考生要关注不同音乐形式之间的异同。听力接下来讲到三种音乐形式，古典音乐是有专业人士谱曲演奏，民间音乐却在人民大众之间分享，而流行音乐也是由专业人员表演。从中，考生可以总结，古典音乐和流行音乐都是由专业人士制作。
答案D
解析：考生已经确定本篇听力的主题是音乐，所以从选项中可以推测问题是关于音乐的功能。听力第二段一开始，讲到音乐最普遍的功能是宗教仪式的一部分。选项A、B、C都是音乐的功能，却不是本篇听力认为的the most universal use of music。
Passage Three
William Shakespeare was christened in the market town of Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, 【32】on April 26, 1564; traditionally; his actual birthday was three days earlier, on St. George's day, the same day as his death fifty-two years later. His father, John, was a respected middle-class trader, and his mother, Mary Arden, came from a family of local landowners. It seems probable that young William received a fair education (for his day) at the local Grammar School; 【33】at the age of eighteen he married a girl eight years older than himself, Anne Hathaway, who gave him a child the following year and twins in 1585. Little else is known of his early life, and so we cannot tell what made him decide to leave Stratford in 1586 for London, where he stayed until 1611. 【34】In London he must soon have attracted attention, because by 1592 he was a popular enough writer and actor to be laughed at by an older dramatist as an uneducated Jack of all trades. He is mentioned as being among the principal actors of the city as early as 1598, and 【35】in 1599 we find that he is a member of the company running the Globe Theater, with one-tenth interest in the profits—showing a business sense rarely seen in his fellow writers. His popularity is indicated by the fact that not only were his own plays published under his name, which was a rare procedure in his day, but also plays by others are to be found attributed to him, as if to indicate that his name alone would promise a good sale.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you've just heard.
32. When did William Shakespeare die?
33. When did Shakespeare and his wife have their first child?
34. Which one can we infer from the article?
35. Which of the following is true?
32.答案D
解析：选项是时间，考生要注意听力篇章中不同时间的表达。考生如果了解Shakespeare，可能知道他去世的时间。如果不知道，听力一开始说他洗礼的时间是1564年4月26日，比他生日晚三天。52年后他去世的日子和真正的生日同一天，由此可以推断他死于1616年4月23日。
33.答案C
解析：选项依然是关于时间。听力篇章中间讲，Shakespeare在18岁的时候娶妻，第二年生子。因此他们第一个小孩出生在1583年。
34.答案C
解析：选项是人们对Shakespeare的了解。听力篇章中间讲，在伦敦，他很快就引起了大家的关注。选项A是个干扰项，人们对Shakespeare早期的生活是有所了解，虽然了解的不多。
35.答案B
解析：选项讨论Shakespeare是否有经济头脑。听力篇章靠后讲，Shakespeare经营the Globe Theater，拥有十分之一的利润，这表明他很有经济头脑。
Section C
36.答案handle
解析：在情态动词can的后面需要用动词原型。handle是个比较常用的动词，意为“处理，解决”。
37.答案extension
解析：在定冠词the的后面，需要用名词。extension是动词extend的名词形式，表示“扩充，扩张”。考生要注意，后缀是-sion，并非-tion。
38.答案communication
解析：在动词create和名词problems之间，应该是对problems的修饰，解释说明什么样的问题。communication是个常见的名词，在这里意为“交通”。
39.答案proposal
解析：不定冠词a的后面应该使用可数名词，再加上后面的动词put forward，考生可以推测缺少的名词是关于“建议，提议”的，proposal是propose的名词，以-al结尾。
40.答案relieve
解析：help to do sth.的结构让考生判断空白处可能是个动词。根据上下文，这个提议是帮助缓解交通阻塞问题的。动词relieve表示“缓解压力”，考生要注意relief是名词，此处要用动词。
41.答案involves
解析：此处有主语，有宾语，缺少谓语动词。主语是个单数，所以考生要注意动词involve后面要加上表示第三人称单数的-s。
42.答案comparatively
解析：根据语法，本空是个副词来修饰后面的little。comparatively是个比较常用的副词，“比较地，相对地”。
43.答案remaining
解析：本空是个后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词problem。Remain是个不及物动词，用-ing形式表示“遗留的，仍然存在的”。
44.答案There has been so much publicity in recent years regarding the high level of noise near airports
解析：空白处之后的一句话讲，在城镇建立新机场，政府可能会遇到相当大的阻力，那前半句应该是“对这个问题争论了很久”。此句中需要注意的词汇：publicity，regarding。
45.答案 The fact remains that increasing numbers of people want to travel by air and will accept somewhat slower flights
解析：空白处是在后面特定条件下的某种结果。如果市中心有方便的机场，将会出现怎样的结果?此句中需要注意的词汇：increasing，somewhat，slower(考生注意其中的比较级)。
46.答案it's a question of compromise between the travelers and the local inhabitants.
解析：此句为文章的最后一句，表示最终的结果。此句中需要注意的词汇：compromise，travelers，inhabitants。考生要注意其名词复数形式。
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or fear of having their ideas stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work: some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating--rescheduling their day.
Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, researching. We should remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was "goofing off." Newton wasn't working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have some "lazy" build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that "laziness" were caused by the worker's taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being "lazy"—that is, taking time off for a rest—is good for the overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard, to doctor who's simply working himself overtime too many evenings, at the clinic. So be careful when you're tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.
47. What is the main idea of this passage?
48. According to the first paragraph, some people appear lazy because ___________________ _ .
49. What do you think of laziness according to the second paragraph?
50. According to the author, we cannot call the people lazy who are not at work because _______________________.
51. The word "fantasies" probably means _______________________.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
The Super Bowl is one of the biggest events on the advertising calendar, as companies vie to produce the most memorable and innovative ads. The battle for the National Football League's ultimate prize attracts more viewers than anything else on American television and provides a "symbolic pulsetaking" for the advertising industry every February, says John Frelinghuysen, an analyst at Bain and Company, a consultancy. But this year the patient is in poor health. All the advertising slots(广告摊位) for the 2008 Super Bowl had been sold by the end of November 2007, despite the $ 2.6 million price of each. For 2009 the price has risen to $ 3 million, but at least, ten slots (out of 67) are still looking for a buyer.
General Motors, which ran 11 ads on Super Bowl Sunday in February 2008, has already said that it will not run any in 2009. America's two other big carmakers, Ford and Chrysler, are likely to follow suit. Tellingly, Monster com, an online job-search company, said recently that it was buying a slot. Instead of the usual parade of expensive ads paying tribute to American consumerism, 2009's Super Bowl will reflect a country in recession and indicate a hard year for the advertising industry.
Most forecasts for next year say that ad spending in America will decline by 5% or more. Much depends on the fate of the automotive industry: carmakers and dealers normally spend around $ 20 billion a year on advertising, but Chrysler and Ford scaled back their expenditure by more than 30% in the first nine months of 2008, and are expected to make further cuts in 2009 as they struggle for survival.
The car industry's situation will hurt all media, but especially television. Analysts at BMO Capital Markets predict that total spending on television ads will fall by almost 9% next year. Only newspapers, where a decline of 12% is expected, are forecast to fare worse. Carmakers have already shifted some of their advertising spending to the Internet, and are likely to go further in 2009. Car ads make up 25% of advertising revenues for local television channels, and carmakers have been among the most consistent buyers of high-priced ads on national television.
So far local stations have been most affected by falling spending on advertising. National stations have been safer, because they operate on longer-term contracts with advertisers. But in the New Year they will also feel the chill, as companies fail to renew their contracts. Television, which has remained strong as print media have lost advertising dollars and readers to the Internet, could enter a decline of its own. "Next on the list is TV stations," says Anthony Diclemente, a media analyst at Barclays Capital.
52. Why does the author give the example of Super Bowl?
A) Because it is the most popular football games in America.
B) Because it shows advertisers' enthusiasm in running slots has dropped.
C) Because it is an event that attracts the attention of advertisers.
D) Because it will be right on in America in 2009.
53. Why can't at least ten slots find a buyer (Last sentence, Para. 1 ) according to the passage?
A) The price for running the advertising slots has risen to $ 3 million.
B) It is not attractive any more for the advertising industry.
C) The advertising industry is suffering a hard year.
D) The advertising slots have been on the rise since 2007.
54. What may the carmakers resort to for promoting their automobiles and cutting down expenditure?
A) Buying low-priced ads on national television.
B) Renewing new contracts with national stations.
C) Shifting their advertising spending to the Internet.
D) Relying on such print media as newspaper.
55. What does the sentence "Next on the list is TV stations" ( last paragraph) said by Anthony Diclemente mean?
A) What he is going to analyze next is TV stations.
B) What advertisers prefer to use is TV stations.
C) TV station is the next to be defeated by Internet.
D) He would choose TV station as a second choice.
56. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A) Ford and Chrysler will run the advertising slots in 2009
B) 2009's Super Bowl will still be an expensive ads parade
C) America's ad spending this year will decline by 5% or more
D) Carmakers' fate determines to certain extent the ad spending in America
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
According to some individuals, if your house is built in the right position, this may affect your success in life, which seems strange to many people. However, to believers in Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy, not only the position but also the choice of decorations and even the color of your home can mean the difference between good fortune and disaster. This art has been practiced for centuries in China and is still used all over South East Asia. Even the huge Hong Kong banks call in a geomant if they are planning to build new offices. They have such faith in his knowledge that if he advises them to move, they will alter their plans for even their biggest buildings.
Like many Oriental beliefs the geomant's skill depends on the idea of harmony in nature. If there is no imbalance between the opposing forces of Yin and Yang, the building will bring luck to its inhabitants. This means that the house must be built on the right spot as well as facing the right direction, and also be painted an auspicious color. For instance, if there are mountains to the north, this will protect them from evil influences. If the house is painted red, this will bring happiness to the occupants while green symbolizes youth and will bring long life. Other factors, such as the owner's time and date of birth, are taken into account, too. The geomant believes that unless all these are considered when choosing a site for construction, the fortune of the people using it will be at risk.
Indeed, to ignore the geomant's advice can have fatal results. The death of the internationally famous Kung-Fu star, Brucee Lee, has been used as an example. It is said that when Lee found out that the house he was living in was an unlucky one, he followed a geomant's advice and installed an eight-sided mirror outside his front door to bring him luck. Unfortunately, a storm damaged the mirror and the house was left unprotected from harmful influences. Soon afterwards Lee died in mysterious circumstances.
Not only is Feng-Shui still used in South East Asia, but it has also spread right across the world. Even in modern New York a successful commercial artist called Milton Glaser has found it useful. He was so desperate after his office was broken into six times that he consulted a geomant. He was told to install a fish tank with six black fish and fix a red clock to the ceiling. Since then he has not been burglarized once. It may seem an incredible story, but no other suitable explanation has been offered.
57. From the passage we can infer that Feng-Shui is NOT used in ______.
A) Hong Kong
B) the United States
C) Japan
D) Thailand
58. Geomants believe that ______.
A) houses must only be painted red
B) houses must face mountains
C) nature and life should be in harmony
D) green is an unlucky color
59. Geomants think that the reason for Bruce Lee's death is that ______.
A) he didn't follow the geomants' advice
B) he installed an eight-sided mirror
C) he misunderstood the geomant's advice
D) a storm damaged the protection for his house
60. The story of Milton Glaser shows that ______.
A) colors are not important in geomancy
B) geomancy is used by artists
C) geomancy is used in the West
D) the fight against crime is being won
61. Which of the following best describes geomancy?
A) It is a style of Oriental decoration.
B) It is a type of painting.
C) it is an ancient Chinese belief called Feng-Shui.
D) It is an architectu