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三、有关商品编码、产地标准/发票号码、日期和证书签署问题
⒈商品编码和产地标准需符合信用证要求
商品编码(H.S.CODE)是指按照《商品名称和编码协调制度》中所编排的商品号码(或称商品税目号),通常以四至六位数表示,便于进口国海关征收关税。故商品税目号必须填写准确无误,并注意与报关单上的编码一致。而产地标准是指货物在产地国属于自产或含多少进口成份的确定准则,统一以英文字母表示。一般而言,货物完全自产,填“P”,含进口成份且发往欧盟国家及日本等国,填“W”,含进口成份(占产品出厂40%以下),但发往加拿大国家的填“F”。其它的参照有关规定。实务中,常见的涉及商品编码和产地标准的有如下L/C条款:
例⑴:THEE REGN.NO.B 19842 AND BANGLADESH BANK REGISTRATION NO.EC/DA/INV/729/5121/94 GENERAL.
例⑵:COVERING FULL C & F INVOICE VALUE OF MERCHANDISE PURPORTING TO BE MANGANESE DIOXIDE H.S. CODE NO. 2820.10 96 MT MN02-65% MINIMUM SIZE : 200MESH THROUGH 95% MIN. @ USD190/-MT.
例⑶:CERTIFICATE OF CHINESE ORIGIN ISSUED OR ATTESTED BY C.C.P.I.T. STATING THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF MANUFACTURER OR PRODUCERS AND STATING THAT GOODS EXPORTED ARE WHOLLY OF DOMESTIC ORIGIN OR, OTHERWISE THE EXPORTER SHOULD ISSUE A DECLARATION APPENDED TO CERT. OF ORIGIN IN FORM NO 2. IF THIS FORM IS APPLICABLE IT SHOULD BE LEGALISED BY C.C.P.I.T.
例⑷:CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN STATING THAT THE GOODS ARE OF CHINESE ORIGIN, SHOWING FULL NAME & ADDRESS OF THE MANUFACTURER/ PRODUCER ISSUED IN 2 COPIES BY CHINA COUNCIL FOR THE PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
例⑸: CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN STATING THAT GOODS ARE OF CHINA ORIGIN, SHOWING THAT GOODS: DO NOT CONTAIN COMPONENT MATERIALS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES, OTHERWISE THE CERTIFICATE MUST STATE THE NAME OF RELEVANT COUNTRIES AND PERCENTAGE OF PARTS OR COMPONENTS RELATIVE TO TOTAL SHIPMENT.
例⑹:CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN MUST STATE THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF GOODS, IF FOREIGN MATERIALS OR ITEMS ADDED TO THE GOODS THEN CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN MUST STATE THE ORIGIN OF SUCH GOODS AND THE PERCENTAGE OF SUCH ADDITION.
在例⑴和例⑵中,都出现了商品编码,例⑴的商品编码是“29.41”,例⑵的商品编码是“2820.10”,这是某些国家银行的开证习惯,由于不同的商品对应不同的编码,故不可搞错。制单时,对于例⑴,可在产地证的商品编码一栏内填入“29.41”;同理,对于例⑵,在该栏打上“2820.10”即可。 而在例⑶至例⑹中,均提及产地问题,文字上表达略有差异的是,例⑶要求证明货物完全国产,例⑷和例⑸要求证明货物产自中国,例⑹要求证明货物产地国,且例⑸和例⑹指出,若货物含有其它国家的原料成份,必须注明其产地国及其所占比例,这是某些国家对货物产地的特殊规定,对此应予以重视。制单时,对于例⑶,若货物确系完全自产,则在产地证的产地标准一栏内打上“P”即可;对于例⑷和例⑸,除了声明货物产自中国外,还应视货物的国产成份、它国原料成份以及进口的国别在产地标准栏上适当选填如上所述的“P”或“W”或“F”等;对于例⑹,除了证明货物产地,亦需根据实际情况正确选填产地标准及有关产地、比例事项,不可遗漏。
⒉发票号码、日期和证书签署不得违背来证规定
产地证上有一栏专门用于填列发票号码和日期,这是为了区分各批不同时期的货物,避免重复使用同一证书。这个发票号码一般是出口公司自行编列的业务流水号,日期就是出具发票销售货物的日期,表示从即日起卖方有权向买方收取货款。而产地证的签署则包括出口商声明和机构证明两个内容。其中,出口商声明是一些已印就的条款,主要意思是①此证所填内容是正确的;②货物完全产于某国(中国);③这些货物满足产地规则。一般只需由出口商盖章、签名并加注地点和日期即可。只有普惠制产地证另需在该栏上注明产地国“CHINA”(中国)字样和进口国(最终买主所在地)。机构证明是出口当局授权机构(如商检局和贸促会)在产地证上作证明(通常亦为印就条款),证明出口商所报各项内容是真实和正确的,并作签名和盖章,同时加注地点和日期。实务中,常见的关于发票号码、日期和签署等内容的有如下L/C条款:
例⑴:CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN MUST BE ISSUED IN ENGLISH SHOWING VALUE OF GOODS, NUMBER OF THE RELATIVE INVOICE AND GIVING NAME OF MANUFACTURER OR FACTORY DULY APPROVED BY CHINA COUNCIL FOR THE PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND CERTIFIED IN THE USUALLY ACCEPTED MANNER BY ANY ARAB EMBASSY, LEGATION OR CONSULATE, IF AVAILABLE.
例⑵:IF A CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN SHOWING THE NAME OF THE MANUFACTURERS AND/OR PROCESSORS SIGNED BY A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IS UNOBTAINABLE, A SEPARATE STATEMENT ISSUED BY THE SHIPPERS ON THEIR OWN RESPONSIBILITY, SHOWING THE NAMES OF THE MANUFACTURERS AND/OR PROCESSORS OF THE GOODS, THE RESPECTIVE INVOICE NUMBER AND LEGALIZED BY A NOTARY PUBLIC IS ACCEPTABLE PROVIDED THAT A CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN SIGNED BY A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE SHOWING THE ORIGIN OF THE GOODS IS ALSO PRESENTED.
例⑶:THE CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN MUST BE ISSUED BY A COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR MANUFACTURER(S) OR PRODUCER(S) OR EXPORTER(S) IN A SEPARATE FORM.
例⑷:CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN IN DUPLICATE SIGNED AND SEALED BY A CHAMBER OF COMMERCE IN THE EXPORTING COUNTRY .
例⑸:CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN IN 2 COPIES, ISSUED OR CERTIFIED BY THE "CHINA COUNCIL FOR THE PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE".
例⑹:GSP CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN FORM A INDUPLICATE ISSUED BY CCIB CONSIGNED TO AQUARIUS SEAFOODS LTD.
在例⑴和例⑵中,均提及发票号,所不同的是,例⑴直接要求在产地证上显示货值和发票号,例⑵只是假定当显示有制造商或加工者的产地证由商会签署有困难时,可由托运人另行出具显示有货物制造商或加工者名称及发票号的证明函,但必须由公证部门认可,这是某些国家(如科威特)来证的特别规定(其实,即使来证无此规定,按惯例,亦应在产地证上或其附函上加注发票号及其出票日期)。故制单时,对于例⑴,要在产地证的发票号码和日期一栏上相应注明货物的发票号和日期;对于例⑵,若出现上述需由托运人另出证明的情况,除了在提交的产地证上注明发票号和日期外,还应在附函(证明)上加注发票号和日期,并满足其它条件。而在例⑶至例⑹中,都分别涉及产地证的签署方问题,如例⑶要求产地证由权威机构或制造商或加工者或出口商出具,例⑷要求产地证由出口国商会签发,例⑸要求产地证由中国贸促会签证,例⑹要求产地证由中国商检局出具,这是进口商或其开证行出于货物验证及本国贸易习惯需要而作的规定。制单时,对于例⑶,可由出口商自行出具;对于例⑷和例⑸,可由中国贸促会出具;对于例⑹,需由中国商检局出具,且上述证书的出具或签发,除了正式盖章外,必须由负责人手签,以示郑重其事。