(2)不能用被动语态的几种情况.
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中.
②表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.
③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等.
④表示"希望、意图"的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态.
⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态.
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.
(3)主动形式表被动意义.
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示"开始、结束、关、停、转、启动"等意义时.
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗.
These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销.
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅.
The door won't lock.门锁不上.
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香.
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时.
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义.
④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义.
⑤在"be + 形容词 + to do"中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动.
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.
The girl isn't easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动.