教你如何突破托福长难句

来源:今日头条发布时间:2017-07-26

  要想在托福作文部分拿到高分,除了要有充实的词汇基础,坚持练习以外,对于攻克长难句还需合理运用技巧。下面就根据句子的逻辑类型来逐一介绍长难句突破的方法技巧,本篇首先讲的是大家熟悉的含因果关系的长难句。

  含因果关系的长难句

  首先是明确这个长难句是因果逻辑的句子,常见的表达因果关系的关联词有:

  因:Because, because of, cause, the reason why, for, as, since, due to, owing to, in that, on account of, with, for this purpose, with this object…

  果:So, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result

  Example :

  people borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares, because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further (because of显示因果关系)

  当通读文章长难句时,句中如果出现了表达因果关系的关联词,就可以确定这句话具有因果逻辑关系,对于一些显性的因果句子,学生很容易推断出什么是原因,什么是结果,但是长难句经常会以隐形因果关系呈现。例如

  1.导致(因…果)关联词前面为原因阐述,后面为导致的结果,只是这些关联词并非我们常见的因果关联词具有隐蔽性一时难以察觉出来如:lead to, give rise to, render,make, let, stimulate, be responsible for…这些关联词表达的是导致的意思,即某种结果,如果句子后面有so that等关联词,就可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

  2. 由……而来(果-因):有些长难句会把结果放在前面然后用关联词连接在后面列明具体的原因,这些关联词常由动词+from 组成的词组:result from,derive from,originate from,initiate from,stem from…

  3. 其实因果逻辑大致类型就是这几种了,但是同学们还是经常表示看不懂因果关系的长难句,这是因为在句子里有很多枝叶,学生要学会看出句子里的枝叶并适当的去除理清句子的逻辑思路,这类句子常见结构:复杂状语+复杂句子结构+插入成分+不明显的倒装+抽象名词

  Example

  In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.

  翻译:

  建筑结构必须达到大小和强度的要求,以实现必要的建筑目的,因此建筑学上采用一些支撑的方法,这些方法都是以物理定律为基础的,尽管建筑材料已经发生了翻天覆地的变化,这些支撑的方法却自人们发现它们以来就鲜有变化。

  分析:

  整个句子是个倒装,先表明结果在表明原因方法。句首的in order for就表明了整个事件想达成的结果: the structure to meet its purpose,中间的to achieve the size and strength necessary是细节原因描述。Architecture employs methods 就是回答如何达成这样的结果,they are based on physical laws是对methods的插入阐述,后面的也只是一些附加补充。

  The relations between animal activity and these periods, particularly for the daily rhythms, have been of such interest and importance that a huge amount of work has been done on them and the special research field of chronobiology has emerged.

  因此,生物功能的时机和节奏和周期性的事物,如,太阳日,潮汐,月晕周期和季节,是紧密联系的。动物活动和这些周期性事件的关系,特别是日间的节奏,是非常有意思和重要的,因此现在有很多人致力于研究这种关系,并且专门研究这种关系的项目已经出现,叫做时间生物学。

  希望以上内容能对各位有所帮助噢!

纠错