PP Test 2 语法题笔记
Test 2 1~143
1. Sand is formed by the weathering and decomposition of all types of rock, _________ most abundant mineral constituent being quartz.
A. and its
B. since its
C. its
D. it is
答案：C
分析及考点：独立主格结构。后面句子没有谓语，所以不用连词，A，B错，D形成句子跟主句间又没有连词，且与being冲突。
参考译文：沙子是由各种各样的石头风化和分解而形成的，它含量最多的矿物质是石英。
2. _________ in the daytime for most of the year, the groundhog hibernates in a burrow during winter.
A. Is active
B. That it is active
C. Active
D. While is active
答案：C
分析及考点：考状语的省略结构。全句的主语是groundhog，谓语hibernates。A谓语不能单独存在。B that it is错误结构。D缺从句主语。
参考译文：土拨鼠一年中很多时候在白天都很活跃，到了冬天就在地洞中冬眠了。
3. The wood of elm trees is used in shipbuilding and in _________ barrels, furniture, flooring, and sporting goods.
A. to make
B. as made
C. making
D. to have made
答案：C
分析及考点：and连接两个对称的结构，且介词后面应该跟动名词。
参考译文：榆树的木头用于造船和桶、家具、地板和运动器材的制作。
4. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States, and in 1958 _________ the forty-ninth state.
A. Alaska’s becoming
B. Alaska became
C. when Alaska became
D. Alaska to become
答案：B
分析及考点：and连接对称结构前后都是完整句子。
参考译文：1867年俄国把阿拉斯加卖给了美国，而阿拉斯加在1958年成为美国的第49个州。
5. Almost _________ countries use the decimal system.
A. all
B. all of
C. all of which
D. of all
答案：A
分析及考点：all和all of的用法。泛指的时候用all，特指复数用all of。
参考译文：几乎所有的国家都用十进制系统。
6. _______ allows the skin and thus the body to be cooled.
A. Sweat evaporates
B. When sweat evaporates
C. Sweat, the evaporation of which
D. The evaporation of sweat
答案：D
分析及考点：句子缺主语，allows是谓语。所以A,B错。C中的sweat 和evaporation不形成同位语结构，而且of which不存在的定语从句结构。
参考译文：汗的蒸发使得皮肤继而是躯体变凉。
7. Activities such as writing down notes will generally lead to faster learning _________just listening to or reading facts.
A. than
B. than is
C. whereas
D. in that
答案：A
分析及考点：比较结构极其特点。
参考译文：象记笔记的做法一般比仅仅听或读现象能导致更快的学习。
8. The Dallas Civic Opera has earned _________ since its initial production debuted in 1957.
A. an international reputation and
B. an international reputation was
C. what an international reputation
D. an international reputation
答案：D
分析及考点：动词earn的用法，及物动词直接跟名词宾语和名词宾语补足语。Since这里是从句。A中and不存在对称结构。B中was使句子形成两个谓语。C中不构成what从句
参考译文：Dallas Civic Opera自从它1957年首次开张以来，一直享有国际性声誉。
9. Born in Akron, Ohio, in 1846, Henry Eugene Abbey became the ________ of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City in 1883.
A. first manager was
B. first manager
C. manager who first
D. manager was the first
答案：B
分析及考点：介词短语结构。Of前面加名词。
参考译文：1846年在Akron, Ohio出生，Henry Eugene Abbey1883年成为在纽约的Metropolitan Opera House的第一任主管。
10. A covered bridge is built of wooden timbers _________ supporting trusses and a floor and are protected from weather by a roof.
A. when form
B. so form
C. form
D. that form
答案：D
分析及考点：定语从句。Form是动词谓语，所以要么有从句，要么是并列结构，A的话从句没有主语。
参考译文：有屋顶的桥是用木料建造的，木料建成支持框架和地板，并有一个屋顶使其避免受恶劣天气影响。
11. Although _________ with herons or storks, cranes are distinguished from these birds by bare red areas or ornamental plumes on their heads.
A. they are often confused
B. how often they are confused
C. that they are confused often
D. are they confused often
答案：A
分析及考点：状语从句。词序正常。主谓清楚。
参考译文：尽管鹤经常会被混淆成苍鹭或鹳，他们还是能通过头顶的裸露的红色区域或装饰羽毛跟那些鸟区分开来。
12. More battles were fought in South Carolina _________ in any other state during the American Revolution.
A. as
B. although
C. than
D. but
答案：C
分析及考点：比较级。
参考译文：美国革命中在南卡罗来那州发生的战斗比其他各州都要多。
13. Cotton is grown throughout the world, and _________ year about 50 million bales, weighing nearly 500 pounds apiece, are produced.
A. each
B. a
C. by a
D. in which
答案：A
分析及考点：每个。。的表示。
参考译文：棉花生长在全世界各地，每年生产有大约5千万捆，每捆重近500磅的棉花。
14. Based on a device used in naval vessels, the automatic pilot contains gyroscopes _________ references for an airplane’s course.
A. provides
B. that provide
C. that providing
D. and to provide
答案：B
分析及考点：定语从句。
参考译文：根据用于海军舰船上的设备，自动航行系统包括为飞机课程提供参考的陀螺仪，
15. American Sign Language contains over 4,000 signs _________ is used by over half a million people.
A. and
B. although
C. whenever
D. also
答案：A
分析及考点：前后部分形成对称结构，用and。
参考译文：美国标记术语包括4千多个标记符号，有超过50万人在使用。
16. _________ founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its president until 1904.
A. Clara Barton, who
B. Although Clara Barton
C. It was Clara Barton
D. Clara Barton
答案：D
分析及考点：句子缺主语，and连接对称结构。
参考译文：Clara Barton在1881年创建了美国红十字会，并担任了会长直到1904年。
17. _________ two air masses with different characteristics meet, an area called a “front” develops.
A. What
B. There are
C. When
D. Being
答案：C
分析及考点：主句在后半部分。A中what不形成引导从句，B形成主句而不是从句。D跟动词meet矛盾。C形成正确的状语从句
参考译文：当两种有不同特性的气团相遇的时候，一个成为“前区”的区域形成了。
18. Today’s farmers use irrigation, fertilizers, large machines, and other technology _________ high crop yields.
A. in the production
B. for production
C. to produce
D. produce
答案：C
分析及考点：动词use的用法，use sth to do sth。不定式表目的。
参考译文：现今的农民使用灌溉、施肥、大型机器和其他技术来产生高的作物产量。
19. ________ served as secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation and also, in George Washington’s administration, under the United States Constitution.
A. When Henry Knox
B. It was Henry Knox
C. Henry Knox
D. Henry Knox, who
答案：C
分析及考点：句子缺主语。D中who不形成定语从句。
参考译文：Henry Knox供职为战争秘书，在联邦条款和乔治华盛顿管理的美国宪法的领导下
20. The course of the Missouri River marks the ________ of continental glaciation.
A. approximate southern limit
B. limited, approximately southern
C. southern limit and approximately
D. limit that approximately southern
答案：A
分析及考点：介词of 结构中前面主体是名词。Limit是名词
参考译文：密苏里河的行进路线标注了大陆冰河作用南部的大致边界。
21. About three-quarters of the state of Indiana is covered by _________.
A. which farmland
B. such farmland is there
C. farmland
D. it is farmland
答案：C
分析及考点：介词后面直接跟名词
参考译文：印第安纳州大约3/4是农场。
22. Also called the painted cup, the Indian paintbrush gives forth tiny flowers that are mostly green, while ________ brightly colored.
A. its leaves
B. it leaves being
C. are its leaves
D. its leaves are
答案：D
分析及考点：while引导的句子缺主谓。
参考译文：印第安人的画笔，也被称为着色的杯子，描绘的小花大多是绿色的，花的叶子会被明亮的着色。
23. _________ 70 species of cockroaches in the United States. A. Since about
B. Are about
C. About
D. There are about
答案：D
分析及考点：句子缺主谓。
参考译文：美国有大约70中蟑螂。
24. ______ difficult to achieve centrifugal forces thousands of times as great as the force of gravity.
A. There is not
B. While not
C. What is not
D. It is not
答案：D
分析及考点：形式主语结构。It是句子中不定式的形式主语。
参考译文：实现等于重力千万倍的离心力不是很难。
25. In the early nineteenth century a Conestoga wagon on a poor road could economically _________ light, fairly high-value goods over short distances.
A. only while carrying
B. carry only
C. it was only to carry
D. only carrying its
答案：B
分析及考点：句子缺谓语。情态动词后面跟动词原形。
参考译文：在早期19世纪，马拉的棚车在条件很差的道路上只能经济的短途运输轻的、相对价值高的货物。
26. The solid-bodied electric guitar mixes and amplifies vibrations from microphone contacts at different points _________ a range of tone qualities.
A. produce
B. to produce
C. a production
D. and producing
答案：B
分析及考点：不定式做目的状语。
参考译文：结实形体的电吉他把在各个不同点接触的振动从麦克风里混合和放大出来。
27. While the term “harmony” suggests a pleasant or agreeable sound, it is applied to any combination of notes, _________ consonant or dissonant.
A. which
B. such
C. neither
D. whether
答案：D
分析及考点：whether or not的变体。无论、不管。。。的意思
参考译文：术语“和弦”表现的是一个舒适和令人愉悦的声音。它适用于任何乐章的混合，无论协调或不协调的。
28. Most meteorites are thought to be fragments from asteroids, _________ some may be pieces from the heads of comets.
A. despite
B. either
C. although
D. but if
答案：C
分析及考点：表让步关系连词，用although连接前后两个句子。
参考译文：大多数陨石被认为是小行星的碎片，尽管有一些可能是来自彗星头的碎片。
29. Penicillin, ________, kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, many of which cause disease in humans.
A. the first antibiotic to be discovered
B. when the first antibiotic to be discovered
C. the first antibiotic that discovered
D. was the first antibiotic to be discovered
答案：A
分析及考点：主语同位语结构。名词性短语。
参考译文：盘尼西林，最早被发现的抗生素，能杀死广谱细菌。那些细菌很多能使人类生病。
30. Action painting emphasizes the physical act of applying paint to canvas, rather _________ picture as a finished work of art.
A. the
B. from the
C. than the
D. is the
答案：C
分析及考点：rather than固定搭配。
参考译文：行为画派强调的是肢体动作在帆布上运用油墨的过程，而不是已完成的画面本身。
31. Contrary to popular belief, the basic instruments of the old jazz bands were not saxophones, _________ cornets and trumpets.
A. or not
B. but
C. instead
D. neither
答案：B
分析及考点：平行对称的一个固定结构not ..but
参考译文：跟普遍的认识相反，传统爵士乐队的基本乐器不是萨克斯，而是短号和小号。
32. _____ vary greatly in shape and form, depending upon both the growth pattern and the arrangement of polyps within the colony.
A. Since coral colonies
B. Coral colonies that
C. Coral colonies, although they
D. Coral colonies
答案：D
分析及考点：主句缺主语。
参考译文：根据生长形式和珊瑚虫的排列，珊瑚礁在形状和构成上变化很大，
33. The transition element cadmium is placed below zinc and above mercury in the periodic table, _______ many properties in common with these elements.
A. and its
B. and having
C. and it has
D. and
答案：C
分析及考点：and连接的平行对称结构。后面跟完整的句子。
参考译文：在元素周期表中，过渡元素镉放在锌的后面和汞的前面，它有很多特性跟这些元素相似。
34. The covered wagons known as Conestogas were primarily used _________ of freight across the prairies of the United States.
A. heavy loads were carried
B. to carry heavy loads
C. the carrying of heavy loads
D. in heavy loads carrying
答案：B
分析及考点：动词use的用法，加不定式表目的。
参考译文：闻名的conestogas有盖马车在横跨美国的大草原上主要用于运输重型货物。
35. The outstanding feature of copper and the other metals of Group IB in the Periodic Table is _________ chemical attack.
A. resists
B. to resisting
C. their resistance to
D. by resistance
答案：C
分析及考点：A动词错。B不定式跟动名词错。D，by作为手段应加动名词。C针对。。的攻击，用介词to。
参考译文：元素周期表中铜和IB组中其他金属的突出特性是他们对化学侵蚀的抵抗能力。
36. When _______ with atmospheric particles, they create many types of secondary particles, including positrons, mesons, and hyperons.
A. the collision of primary cosmic rays
B. primary cosmic rays collide
C. primary cosmic rays colliding
D. do primary cosmic rays collide
答案：B
分析及考点：状语从句中，缺主谓。语义上collide应该是动作。
参考译文：当主要的宇宙射线跟大气颗粒相撞，产生很多种中级的颗粒，包括正电子，介子和重核子。
37. A common way to produce x-rays is _________ electrons into a copper target.
A. fires
B. fired
C. by firing
D. how to fire
答案：C
分析及考点：以。。。的手段用by doing sth。
参考译文：通常产生X射线的方法是把电子激发到铜做的目标上。
38. _________ in 1800, Middlebury College is the oldest college in Vermont.
A. Opened
B. Opened it
C. The opening
D. There was open
答案：A
分析及考点：分词省略结构。逻辑主语是被动状态，所以用过去分词。
参考译文：Middlebury College创建于1800，是Vermont州最老的学院，
39. Lizette Woodworth Reese’s best-known poem is the sonnet “Tears,” _________ in 1899 in Scribner’s Magazine.
A. to publish
B. published
C. to publish it
D. was published
答案：B
分析及考点：分词省略结构。
参考译文：Lizette Woodworth Reese最著名的诗是1899年在Scribner’s 杂志发行的十四行诗“眼泪”。
40. During the Revolutionary War, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the capital of the United States for one day in 1777, _________ there.
A. was when the Continental Congress stopped
B. when did the Continental Congress stop
C. the Continental Congress when it stopped
D. when the Continental Congress stopped
答案：D
分析及考点：状语从句。词序正常。
参考译文：在独立战争期间，宾夕法尼亚的Lancaster在1777年曾作为一天美国的首都，当时的大陆议会曾在那里停留。。
41. In a barter economy, a person having something to trade must make contact with another person ________ and has something acceptable to offer in exchange.
A. and who wants it
B. wants it
C. who wants it
D. who does it want
答案：C
分析及考点：定语从句。A中and多余。B缺连接词。D词序颠倒。
参考译文：在易物交换的体系中，有东西想做交易的人必须跟另一个想要这东西并能在交易中提供可接受物品的人接触。
42. The chief justice of the United States is the country’s _________ and is appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate.
A. judicial officer highest
B. officer judicial highest
C. officer highest judicial
D. highest judicial officer
答案：D
分析及考点：形容词顺序的考察。因为中心词是officer，所以ABC都错。
参考译文：美国的首席法官是国家最高的司法官员，并在参议院批准下由总统任命。
43. Including land and water, the state of Alaska ________ an area of 1,530,700 square kilometers, equal to about one-sixth of the size of the United States.
A. having
B. where there is
C. which is
D. has
答案：D
分析及考点：句子缺谓语。不构成从句。
参考译文：包括土地和水域，阿拉斯加州有1530700平方公里面积，相当于1/6美国的大小。
44. _________ until the twelfth century that the magnetic compass was used for navigation.
A. Its not being
B. It was not
C. Not
D. Was not
答案：B
分析及考点：强调句型。It was … that …
参考译文：直到20世纪，磁性指南针才被用于航行。
45. Although she wrote only two short novels and 19 stories during her brief career, Flannery O’Connor made _________ to United States fiction.
A. a contribution is important
B. an important contribution
C. a contribution and important
D. is an important contribution
答案：B
分析及考点：动词make的用法，make 直接加宾语。
参考译文：尽管Flannery O’Connor在她短暂的职业生涯中只写了2部短篇小说和19个故事，但她对美国的小说作出了重要的贡献。
46. The New York City Ballet has been _________ of United States classical ballet companies since its inception in 1946.
A. the consistently creative most
B. consistently creative the most
C. most creative the consistently
D. the most consistently creative
答案：D
分析及考点：形容词词序问题。中心词是creative。
参考译文：纽约城市芭蕾是从1946年芭蕾起始后的美国传统芭蕾舞公司中最一贯的继承芭蕾舞艺术的。
47. When condensation occurs close to the ground, _________ results in fog or dew.
A. or
B. the
C. it
D. then
答案：C
分析及考点：主句缺主语
参考译文：当水蒸气在离地面很近的地方凝结的时候，就形成了雾或露水。
48. Desktop publishing systems are capable of _________ camera-ready pages made up of text and graphics, with text set in different typefaces and sizes.
A. when producing
B. produce
C. to produce
D. producing
答案：D
分析及考点：介词后面跟动名词。be capable of doing sth也是固定搭配。
参考译文：桌面印刷系统能够生产出由文本和图形混合在一起的现成的照相机成像相片，文本还可以设置不同的字体和大小。
49. The femur is the _________ in the body.
A. bone is the largest and longest
B. largest and the longest bone that
C. largest and longest bone
D. bone largest and longest and
答案：C
分析及考点：词序问题。中心词是bone。
参考译文：大腿骨是身体中最大和最长的骨头。
50. Spurred by the phenomenal growth of the city of Chicago after the Civil War, Illinois became ________.
A. that a major industrial state
B. to a major industrial state
C. a major industrial state
D. to be a major industrial state
答案：C
分析及考点：及物动词become的用法，直接加名词宾语。
参考译文：受内战以后芝加哥城市显著发展的激励，Illinois州成为一个主要的工业州。
51. _________ from the Caribbean islands explored the area now known as Texas and New Mexico as early as the sixteenth century.
A. Spaniards who
B. As Spaniards
C. When Spaniards
D. Spaniards
答案：D
分析及考点：主句句子缺主语。
参考译文：来自加勒比海群岛的西班牙人早在16世纪就开始开发现在众所周知的德州和新墨西哥州。
52. If volcanoes erupt explosively and cast fluid lava high into the air, _________, dispersed by the wind, gives rise to particles of various sizes.
A. the lava
B. and lava
C. when lava
D. which lava is
答案：A
分析及考点：整个句子缺主语。
参考译文：如果火山猛烈喷发，把岩浆在空中喷的很高，风就会吧熔岩吹散开，各种大小的颗粒就会飞升到空中。
53. North America displays more ________ than any other continent except Asia; only a true tropical environment is absent.
A. vary climate
B. climate varied
C. climatically varied
D. climatic variation
答案：D
分析及考点：词序和词组重心问题。天气变化，variation是中心词。
参考译文：北美比除了亚洲以外的其他大陆显示出更多的气候多样性，只缺了真正的热带环境。
54. Neurobiologists believe _________ endorphins and other neurochemicals may control our hunger for certain kinds of foods.
A. whose
B. that if
C. that
D. of those
答案：C
分析及考点：believe引导宾语从句，一定用that连接。
参考译文：神经生物学家认为，endorphins和其他神经化学物资控制着我们对某些种类食物的欲望。
55. A feature of Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico is the nightly emergence, except during the winter hibernation period, of _________.
A. several bats million
B. bats million several
C. several million bats
D. million several bats
答案：C
分析及考点：词序和词义。中心词是bats。
参考译文：新墨西哥州的Carlsbad大洞穴的一个特色就是每夜出现的几百万只蝙蝠。
56. _________ 639 named muscles in the human anatomy.
A. As are
B. There are
C. Of the
D. That are
答案：B
分析及考点：there be句型。句子缺主谓。表示有的意思用there are。
参考译文：在人体解剖学中有639块命了名的肌肉。
57. _________, or striated, muscles are subject to the will and control of the body and are attached to the skeleton by tendons.
A. The voluntary are
B. There are voluntary
C. That the voluntary
D. The voluntary
答案：D
分析及考点：句子有主语谓语，缺修饰成分，AB都有多余的谓语动词。C中that多余，没有指代。
参考译文：主官性或者条纹状肌肉可以受意志和身体的控制所支配，它们通过肌腱跟骨骼相连。
58. Orchestra conductor Michael Morgan became interested in classical music as a high school student when _________ rehearsals of the National Symphony in Washington, D.C.
A. beginning his attending
B. did he begin attending
C. he began attending
D. began attending his
答案：C
分析及考点：定语从句中，要求主谓完整，词序正常。
参考译文：当管弦乐队指挥Michael Morgan还是高中学生的时候，在华盛顿排练民族交响乐的时候开始对传统音乐感兴趣了。
59. Virtually the same array of mammals _________ in the hills surrounding Los Angeles today occupied this area in the late Pleistocene era.
A. that they live
B. lives
C. that lives
D. that living
答案：C
分析及考点：主句谓语动词是occupied，所以是定语从句应用。
参考译文：事实上，现在生活在洛山基周围山上的同样系列的哺乳动物在更新纪的后期占据着这个区域。
60. Wood has been the _________ for furniture since antiquity.
A. commonly most material used
B. used material commonly most
C. commonly material used most
D. most commonly used material
答案：D
分析及考点：词序问题。Material是中心词。
参考译文：木头从古以来都是做家具最常用的材料。
61. Because of the complexity of modern society, it is not _________ that many of the games ordinary people play are solitary games.
A. surprises
B. surprised at
C. surprising
D. surprise
答案：C
分析及考点：强调句，惊人的意思用surprising
参考译文：因为现代社会的复杂性，很多平常人玩的游戏是孤独的游戏也就不足为奇了。
62. Cartography, the science and art of designing, drafting, and create maps and charts, is older than the art of writing.
答案：B. à creating
分析及考点：并列结构。designing, drafting和creating构成并列结构，故都应用现在分词。
参考译文：绘图法是一门设计、起草和创作地图和海图的科学和艺术，它比文学艺术的历史还要古老。
63. It seems probable that prehistoric people who discovered, by trial and error, which plants were poisonous and which had some medicinal value.
答案：B. à discovered
分析及考点：抛开插入语“by trial and error”找到主语从句主干，可以发现从句缺少谓语动词，“discover”应为谓语动词，“who”此处多余了，应去掉。
参考译文：史前人类很可能就通过反复试验发现了哪些植物是有毒的，而哪些植物具有药用价值。
64. Developed from the medieval mandola, the modern mandolin has four pairs of string tuned to violin pitch and produces a clear, bright tone.
答案：B. à strings
分析及考点：可数名词单数不能单独出现。前面既然是“four pairs of”，后面就应是复数。
参考译文：现代的曼陀林（一种乐器）是由中世纪的大型曼陀林演变而来的，它有四对琴弦，音高与小提琴相和谐，可以发出清晰嘹亮的声音。
65. Photographer Edward Steichen constantly experimented new techniques and materials in his quest to have photography accepted as a creative art.
答案：A. à experiment with new
分析及考点：此题较隐蔽。experiment做动词时为不及物动词，后须加介词with，为固定搭配。
参考译文：摄影师Edward Steichen不断地试验各种新技术和新材料，以期使摄影作为一门创造性的艺术为人们所接受。
66. Maine is almost as large than the five other New England states combined but contains only about 9 percent of New England’s population.
答案：A. à large as
分析及考点：as large as，和……一样大。
参考译文：缅因州的面积有新英格兰地区其它五个州加起来那么大，但它的人口却只占新英格兰地区全部人口的9％。
67. The area of the United States was doubled as a result of the Louisiana Purchase, which made in 1803.
答案：D. à was made
分析及考点：which引导的非限定定语从句修饰“Louisiana Purchase”，purchase这个动作只能由人来完成，故此处应为被动语态。
参考译文：在1803年购买了路易斯安娜后，美国的面积增大了一倍。
68. Oak trees furnish more timber annually in the United States than any of other broad-leaved tree and are second only to conifers in total lumber production.
答案：B. à any
分析及考点：any用法。any + 名词单数；any of the + 名词复数。句中tree为单数，故应该为“any”。
参考译文：在美国，橡树木材每年的产量比其它任何一种阔叶树种都多，而且在木材总产量上仅次于松树列第二位。
69. Although months or even years may pass without rainfall in parts of some deserts, they are never complete dry.
答案：D. à completely
分析及考点：dry为形容词，故应用副词completely来修饰。
参考译文：虽然在一些沙漠的许多地方一连几个月甚至几年都没有降雨，但这些地方从未完全干涸。
70. Education in the United States is overseen by local school districts, which follow regulations mandated by their respective state government.
答案：D. à governments
分析及考点：可数名词单数不能单独出现。此题较隐蔽，respective + 名词复数，表“各自的……”，固定搭配。
参考译文：美国各地的教育受到当地校区的监督，这些校区的监督工作遵循各自州政府制定的规定。
71. Up to 30 percent of the blood pumped with each heartbeats goes directly to the liver.
答案：C. heartbeats à heartbeat
分析及考点：each 用法：each + 名词单数；each of ＋ the or 物主代词+ 名词复数。例子：each student, each of my children, each of the students
参考译文：每一次心跳输送出的血液有百分之三十都直接流往肝脏。
72. If atoms are push together by high pressure or subjected to high temperature, they can rearrange themselves within minerals without changing their overall composition.
答案：B. push à pushed
分析及考点：被动语态。
参考译文：如果原子在高温或高压下被挤压在一起，它们会在矿物内进行重新排列而不改变它们的整体构成。
73. Light from the Sun can penetrate only a few hundred meters below surface of the ocean.
答案：C. below surface à below the surface
分析及考点：可数名词单数不能单独出现。“surface”做“表面”讲时，为可数名词，故前须加冠词“the” 。
参考译文：太阳光只能照射到海平面以下几百米的地方。
74. The surface of Venus is obscured by the planet’s thick clouds yet so is invisible to optical instruments.
答案：C. 去掉yet，换成and。
分析及考点：此句无转折关系，只有因果关系。
参考译文：金星的表面由于它外围笼罩的厚厚的云层而变得模糊不清，因此光学设备也无法对它进行观测。
75. The Andromeda galaxy, like the Milky Way, is orbited by several companion galaxies but contains about as twice many stars.
答案：D. à twice as
分析及考点：倍数比较的表达方法。twice as 两倍之多
参考译文：像银河系一样，仙女座星系也被多个同伴星系所环绕，但它却拥有两倍于银河系的恒星。
76. In art, caricature is a pictorial representation which the physical features of a person or object have been grossly exaggerated for comic effect.
答案：A. à representation in which
分析及考点：原句中which在后面从句中做不了什么成份，无法连接主句和从句，根据句意应加介词in
参考译文：在艺术上，漫画是一种绘画表现形式，在漫画中，人或物体的某些自然特征会被显著夸大以达到喜剧效果。
77. Philosophy has much aspects and different manifestations according to the problems involved and the method of approach used by the individual philosopher.
答案：A. à many
分析及考点：修饰可数名词复数用many，修饰不可数名词用much。
参考译文：根据每个哲学家研究问题和方法的不同，哲学有着许多方面和不同的表现形式。
78. Found in wild woods and stony places, the Canterbury bell never flowering until the second (and final) summer of its life.
答案：C. à flower
分析及考点：逗号后面的部分为句子主干，缺少谓语，根据句意flower为谓语动词，故不能用现在分词。
参考译文：风铃草（Canterbury bell）分布于野生森林中和多石地区，它直到生命中的第二个（也是最后一个）夏天才开花。
79. Lake Mead, one of the largest artificial lake in the world in capacity, is formed by Hoover Dam.
答案：A. à lakes
分析及考点：one of + 形容词最高级＋名词复数，表示“最……的之一”。
参考译文：Mead湖，世界上容量最大的人工湖，是由Hoover Dam建造的。
80. The alligator snapping turtle, weighing up to 68 kilograms, is one of the largest freshwater turtle.
答案：D. à turtles
分析及考点：one of + 形容词最高级＋名词复数，表示“最……的之一”。
参考译文：alligator snapping turtle（一种龟）重达68公斤，是世界上最大的淡水龟之一。
81. Clipper ships were designed for maximum speedy and were used for transportation to and from the gold rush regions of California and Australia.
答案：B. à speed
分析及考点：maximum speed，最高速，句子中做宾语，而speedy是形容词。
参考译文：clipper ships是为了达到最高速度而设计的，并被用做加州和澳大利亚的淘金热地区往来的运输工具。
82. As the centrally control organ of the body, the brain governs the functioning of the body’s other organs.
答案：B. à central
分析及考点：此题较隐蔽。control在句中为名词，故要用形容词来修饰，central control organ，意为中央控制器官。句中functioning为名词，意为“机能”。
参考译文：大脑作为身体的中央控制器官，控制着身体其它器官的机能。
83. The Inuit probable first came to North America by crossing the Bering Strait landbridge from Asia about 4,000 years ago.
答案：A. à probably
分析及考点：probably在句中修饰副词first，故应用副词。
参考译文：因纽特人很可能在4000年前经由白令海峡的大陆桥第一次到达北美地区。
84. Precipitation in mountainous regions that collects in a number of small valleys that are called rills and gullies.
答案：B. à collects
分析及考点：此题PPreview及PPtext中有错误，PP原题中B应该是在“that collects”下面划线。That此处多余了，应该去掉，collect句中做谓语，意思是聚集，为不及物动词。
参考译文：山区的降水在许多小河谷里聚集起来，这些河谷被称作小溪和溪谷。
85. Suction disks along the body of the sea cucumber provides locomotion, and tentacles around its mouth are used to catch food.
答案：A. à provide
分析及考点：主谓一致。句子主语“suction disks”为复数，故谓语动词不能用现单三。看清句子主干结构，错误一目了然。
参考译文：海参身体上的吸盘使其具有了移动能力，而它嘴部周围的触须则用来捕食。
86. The numerous Cro-Magnon burial sites that been found reveal that these early humans, like the preceding Neanderthalers, engaged in various ritual activities.
答案：B. à that have been
分析及考点：that引导的定语从句为现在完成时，但缺少了have。
参考译文：许多被后人发现的Cro-Magnon人的墓地显示，像先前的Neanderthalers人一样，Cro-Magnon人也有各种各样的祭祀活动。
87. From the 1880’s on, artist Mary Cassatt increasingly devoted herself to the theme of mother and child in oils, pastels, etchings, and engraved.
答案：D. à engraving
分析及考点：oils, pastels, etchings等名词构成并列结构，engraved为过去分词，应改为名词engraving，意为“版画”。
参考译文：从19世纪80年代起，艺术家Mary Cassatt 逐渐致力于通过油画、粉笔画、蚀刻画和版画来表现关于母亲和孩子的主题。
88. Glaciers helped creation the thousands of lakes for which the state of Minnesota is famous.
答案：A. à create 或 the creation of
分析及考点：help做“促进”讲时，可用help + do sth. / to do sth. / + sth. 三种搭配都对。所以A可改为help creat或help the creation of。
参考译文：冰河促进了明尼苏达州数千个湖泊的形成，而明尼苏达州也以此而闻名。
89. Alpha rhythm, a brain wave frequency of moderate voltage, is characteristic of a person when is awake but relaxed.
答案：D. à when he，或者 who
分析及考点：从句缺主语“he”，故可以加上主语he，或将后面部分改为who引导得宾语从句。
参考译文：阿而发脑电波，一种具有中等电压的脑波频率，通常在一个人清醒并放松的状态下表现出来。
90. The amount of money generated by a nation in a year in the forms of wages, rents, interest, and profits is known the national income.
答案：D. à known as the
分析及考点：be known as sth. 意为“被称为”，固定搭配。Interest 作“利息”讲，不可数。
参考译文：一个国家一年内以工资、租金、利息和利润等形式产生的货币总额被称为国民收入。
91. In North America the name chameleon is popularly given to several lizards capable of change color.
答案：D. à changing
分析及考点：be capable of doing sth.
参考译文：在北美，好几种可以变色的蜥蜴通常都被称作变色龙。
92. Naturally occurring caves are formed in various way, but chiefly by the solvent action of water and compounds in it.
答案：B. à ways
分析及考点：various的用法， various + 可数名词复数。
参考译文：自然形成的洞穴有多种成因，但主要原因是水及水中的化合物的溶解作用。
93. Clouds perform a very important function in modifying the distribute of solar heat over Earth’s surface and within the atmosphere.
答案：C. à the distribution
分析及考点：词性混用，此处应为名词distribution。
参考译文：在调节太阳热能在地球表面和大气中的分布方面，云起着非常重要的作用。
94. Ragtime is a musical form developed and brought to maturation between 1890 and 1910 which is rooted in several musical tradition.
答案：D. à traditions
分析及考点：several的用法，several + 可数名词复数。
参考译文：拉格泰姆音乐（ragtime）是在1890-1910年间逐渐发展成熟的一种音乐形式，它来源于多种传统音乐。
95. The peccary, an American mammal, is closely related to the swine family and fills an ecological similar role.
答案：D. à an ecologically similar
分析及考点：形容词与副词混用，修饰形容词similar应该用副词ecologically。
参考译文：peccary，一种美洲的哺乳动物，与猪科动物关系很近，并且与猪科动物担任着相似的生态学角色。
96. The teaching of literary and composition has figured prominently in the formation of educational curriculums in the United States at all levels.
答案：B. à literature
分析及考点：形容词与名词混用，literary为形容词，此处应用名词literature。
参考译文：文学和写作的教育在美国各个水平的教育课程中有着突出的地位。
97. The spice plants, what yield the pungent and fragrant substances used all over the world as condiments, are almost all natives of tropical regions.
答案：A. à which
分析及考点：非限定定语从句应由which引导，不能用what。
参考译文：辛香料植物几乎都出产于热带地区，这种植物可以产生出味道又香又辣的物质，这些物质在世界各地被广泛地用做调味品。
98. Ultrasonic waves vibrate such rapidly that they produce sounds that are too high for the human ear to detect.
答案：A. à so
分析及考点：so…that 与such…that的用法。so 后面可以连接形容词或者副词，such后面连接名词。
参考译文：超声波振动得如此快速，以至于它们产生的声音频率过高，人耳无法察觉。
99. Contemporary election practices in the United States have their roots in British and colonial American laws and customary.
答案：D. à custom
分析及考点：形容词与名词混用，customary为形容词，而此处应为名词形式。
参考译文：美国当代的选举程序来源于英国和美国殖民地时期的法律和惯例。
100. The degree of physical fitness that anyone can develop is governed by age, sex, physique, and other natural factor.
答案：D. à factors
分析及考点：单数可数名词不能单独出现，other + 可数名词复数。
参考译文：每个人的身体健康的程度都会发展变化，这一健康程度由人的年龄、性别、体格和其它自然因素决定。
101. The migration route of the first humans to occupy North America took them across a land bridge that once was connected Asia with what is now Alaska.
答案：C. à connected
分析及考点：根据句意，that 指代“a land bridge”，此处应为主动语态。句中“them”指代前面的“the first humans”。
参考译文：迁移的路线引领着最初到达北美的居民穿过一个大陆桥，这个大陆桥曾经连接着亚洲和现在的阿拉斯加。
102. Socialization, which begins in child, is a process by which people become members of a society, learning its norms, customs, laws, and ways of living.
答案：B. à childhood
分析及考点：根据句意，此处为“童年时期”之意，故应用childhood。
参考译文：社会化的过程开始于人的童年时期，在这一过程中，人逐渐成为某一社会的成员，并学习该社会的规范、习俗、法律和生活方式。
103. Poet Amy Lowell began her career by publishing the conventional volume A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass, despite eventually succeeded Ezra Pound as leader of the progressive Imagists.
答案：C. à although she
分析及考点：despite是介词，后不能直接接从句，而此句中有明显的前后转折关系，所以D必须换成可以接从句的表转折关系的连词。
参考译文：诗人Amy Lowell以传统诗集《A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass》开始她的诗人生涯，但后来她却逐渐成为继Ezra Pound之后的进步印象派诗人领袖。
104. The towns of Middlebury and Cornwall, both in Vermont, was united into the single town of Middlebury in 1796.
答案：A. à were
分析及考点：主谓一致。句子主语“The towns”为复数。
参考译文：佛蒙特州的两个镇Middlebury和Cornwall在1796合并为一个Middlebury镇。
105. In a simile, a comparison between two distinctly differently things is indicated by the word “like” or “as.”
答案：B. àdifferent
分析及考点：形容词与副词混淆。“different”直接修饰名词“things”，应用形容词形式。
参考译文：在明喻（一种修辞手法）中，两个截然不同的东西通过词“like”或“as”来进行比较。
106. While the late nineteenth century, most laborers in the United States worked six days a week, often ten or more hours a day.
答案：A. à during
分析及考点：during 和while混用。while是连词，后面接句子；During 是介词，后面接名词。
参考译文：在19世纪后期，多数美国工人一周工作6天，通常一天工作10小时或更多。
107. Chordophones are musical instruments with strings that can be set in motion by moving a bow, plucking a string, or striking .
答案：D. à a
分析及考点：可数名词单数不能单独出现。根据前文的“a bow”和“a string”不难看出，这里应为“a ”。
参考译文：Chordophones是带弦的乐器的总称，弦可以通过拉琴弓、拨琴弦、敲击琴键来产生旋律。
108. The proportion of United States households owning television receivers rose from 0.4 percent in 1948 of 23.5 percent in 1951.
答案：D. à to
分析及考点：“form …… to”，表“从……到……”固定搭配。
参考译文：美国家庭拥有电视机的比例由1948年的0.4％上升到1951年的23.5％
109. The chief character or hero of piece of fiction or drama is known as the protagonist.
答案：B. à of a piece
分析及考点：“a piece of fiction”，表“一部小说”，“a piece of”为固定搭配。
参考译文：一部小说或戏剧中的主要角色或男主人公被成为protagonist。
110. A drought is a period of dry weather that lasts too long enough to cause a serious imbalance in the water cycle.
答案：B. à lasts long
分析及考点：句中的“too”多余了。
参考译文：干旱是指干燥的天气持续过长从而导致水循环的严重失衡。
111. Cotton crop failures and a plague of boll weevils at the beginning of the twentieth century forced the diversification of Alabama’s the agriculture.
答案：D. à agriculture
分析及考点：此处“agriculture”已有物主代词“Alabama’s”修饰，故“the”多余了。
参考译文：在二十世纪初，棉花的减产和棉籽象鼻虫的灾害推动了阿拉巴马州农业的多元化。
112. Although absolute zero cannot actually be reached, approximations of less than 0.001 degrees Celsius above absolute zero have been created the laboratory.
答案：D. à created in
分析及考点：句中少了介词“in”，“in the laboratory”，表示“在实验室中被制造出来”
参考译文：虽然绝对零度不可能真正达到，但仅高于绝对零度0.01摄氏度的近似温度已经在实验室中被制造出来。
113. That brought about the widespread extinction of the dinosaurs is unknown; it must, however, have involved major changes in the environment.
答案：A. à What
分析及考点：“What”引导的主语从句在句中做主语。
参考译文：是什么导致了恐龙的大面积灭绝仍不为人知，但恐龙的灭绝肯定与自然环境的巨大变化有关。
114. Structuralism and it derivative theories, especially deconstructionism, have proposed to alter drastically the direction of literary studies during the last thirty or thirty-five years.
答案：A. à its
分析及考点：此处应为物主代词“its”，意为“结构主义的衍生理论”。
参考译文：在最近30-35年间，结构主义及其衍生理论，尤其是解构主义，彻底改变了文学研究的方向。
115. The northwest coast of North America was originally settled by a series of tribal with extremely diverse linguistic affiliations.
答案：C. à tribes
分析及考点：a series of + 复数名词，表“一系列”，而句中“tribal”为形容词。
参考译文：北美洲的西北海岸地区最初居住着许多部落，这些部落有着完全不同的语言渊源。
116. After the War of 1812, immigrants from Britain and Ireland swelled the populate of Canada.
答案：D. à population
分析及考点：句中“populate”为动词，而此处应为名词“population”，意为“人口”。
参考译文：1812年的战争以后，来自英国和爱尔兰的移民使得加拿大的人口逐渐增多。
117. The rapidly advancement of modern anthropology since the end of the nineteenth century has been the most important single influence on the growth of myth criticism.
答案：A. à rapid
分析及考点：形容词与副词混用，句中“advancement”为名词，应用形容词修饰。
参考译文：自19世纪末以来，现代人类学的快速进步已经成为神话批评发展过程中最为重要的独立影响因素。
118. Although Spaniards had explored upper California much earlier, they did not attempt to settle there until the latter part the eighteenth century.
答案：D. à part of the
分析及考点：D中缺少了介词“of”，“the latter part of the eighteenth century”，表“十八世纪后期”，注意，“eighteenth century”前须有冠词“the”。
参考译文：虽然西班牙人在更早以前就在加利福尼亚北部进行探察，但他们直到18世纪后期才尝试在那里定居。
119. Although copper was hammered into tools and ornaments by some early inhabitants of North America, the smelting and casting of copper were unknown between them.
答案：D. à among
分析及考点：两者之间用“between”，三者及以上之间用“among”。
参考译文：虽然一些北美洲的早期居民就可以把铜锻造成工具或装饰品，但他们并不知道如何进行铜的熔炼和铸造。
（hammer，名词意为“锤子”，动词意为“锻造”，即把金属烧红后用锤子砸成想要的形状；而cast，名词意为“铸件”，动词意为“铸造”，即把金属的熔液注入某个模具使其具有特殊的形状。显然，在工艺上，cast要比hammer更高级。）只要留心，随时随地都可以学单词！
120. As moist air in a warm front ascends the retreating wedge of cold air, it cools to produce cloudy and frequently causes precipitation.
答案：D. à clouds
分析及考点：形容词与名词混用。句中名词“clouds”做“produce”的宾语。
参考译文：当暖锋（前进的暖气流爬升到冷气流上而形成的锋）中的潮湿空气上升至后移冷空气的边缘时，它就会冷却产生云，并常常导致降雨。
121. Choreographer Martha Graham’s pioneering technique, designed to express inner emotion through dance forms, representative the first real alternative to classical ballet.
答案：C. à represents
分析及考点：抛开两个逗号间的插入语找到句子主干，可以看出句子缺谓语动词，“representative”为形容词，故应改为动词“represents”，由于名词为单数，所以谓语为现单三形式。
参考译文：舞蹈设计师Martha Graham设计的开创性的表演技巧－通过舞蹈的形式来表达角色的内心情感－代表了除传统芭蕾之外第一种真正的舞蹈表现形式。
122. A ink-jet printer works by squirting very fine streams of quick-drying ink onto paper.
答案：A. à an
分析及考点：“ink”的发音为元音开头，故用冠词“an”修饰。另如：an MBA
参考译文：喷墨打印机的工作原理是将非常细的快干墨水流喷到纸上。
123. The properties of coca are similar to those of opium, but coca is not such strong a narcotic.
答案：D. à so
分析及考点：such和so的区别，so是副词，后面可以连接形容词，such是形容词，后面只能连接名词，上述表达如果用such，就应该是such a strong narcotic。
参考译文：古柯（Coca）的特性与鸦片相似，但没有鸦片那么强。
124. Identical twins are always of the same sex, resemblance one another very closely, and have similar fingerprints and blood groups.
答案：C. à resemble
分析及考点：句中三个动词“are”、“resemble”和“have”构成并列结构。
参考译文：同卵双生的双胞胎总是性别相同，彼此非常相像，并拥有相似的指纹和血型。
125. The great bulk of business transactions in the United States is handled by means of credit instruments rather currency.
答案：D. à rather than
分析及考点：
参考译文：在美国，大部分的商业交易都通过信用票据而非现金来完成。
126. The outstanding feature in the evolve of the central nervous system in humans has been the growth of the brain.
答案：B. à evolvement
分析及考点：B中“evolve”为动词，而句中应为名词形式。
参考译文：在人类身上，中枢神经系统进化的突出特征就是大脑的发展。
127. On Long Island’s Montauk Point are located a stone lighthouse 168 feet high, equipped with a flashing light white, and a United States lifesaving station.
答案：C. à white light
分析及考点：形容词与名词词序颠倒，此也为托福语法改错常考考点。作为名词的“light”应放在形容词“white”后面。
参考译文：在长岛的Montauk Point上坐落着一座168英尺高的石头灯塔，灯塔上有一个白色的信号灯和一个美国的救生站。
128. Loons, migratory aquatic birds, are expert swimming and divers, but walk on land with difficulty.
答案：B. à swimmers
分析及考点：“swimmers”与“divers”在句中构成并列结构。
参考译文：潜鸟（loons），一种迁徙的水鸟，是游泳和浅水的好手，但在陆地上行走时却很困难。
129. Usually only the males grasshoppers produce a song, but both sexes possess auditory organs.
答案：B. à male
分析及考点：句中形容词“male”修饰名词“grasshoppers”，故不能加“s”。
参考译文：通常只有雄性蚱蜢才能鸣叫，但雌性和雄性的蚱蜢都拥有听觉器官。
130. Intricate choreographer emphasized the beauty and virtuosity of the nineteenth-century prima ballerina, while the male dancer functioned only as her partner until the twentieth century.
答案：A. à choreography
分析及考点：词义误用。这里是指艺术，而不是舞蹈者。
参考译文：19世纪的复杂的舞蹈表演强调芭蕾舞首席女明星的美和精湛技巧，而在二十世纪以前男芭蕾舞演员不过是女明星的陪衬。
131. Dolphins can held their breath for up to several minutes and are capable of rapid and deep dives of more than 300 meters.
答案：A. à hold
分析及考点：情态动词后跟动词原型。
参考译文：海豚可以几分钟不呼吸，并且能迅速潜到超过300米深的水下。
132. The concept of folk music, though generally understood by most people, has not simple, widely accepted definition.
答案：D. à no
分析及考点：表示 “没有….”一般用have no+名词…..或者don not have any+名词。
参考译文：民间音乐的概念虽然能普遍地被大部分人所理解，但它却没有一个简单的、被广泛接受的定义。
133. The two steel towers of the Golden Gate Bridge in California are the tallest bridge towers in the world, each measuring 227 meters in high.
答案：D. à height
分析及考点：“227 meters in height”，表“227米高”，固定搭配。
参考译文：加利福尼亚的金门大桥的两根铁塔是世界上最高的桥塔，每根高达227米。
134. Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is where the Declaration of Independence also the United States Constitution were signed.
答案：C. à and
分析及考点：连接两个平行部分，用and，不能用also。
参考译文：宾州费城的独立大厅是独立宣言和美国宪法的签署地。
135. From 1892 to 1954 Ellis Island was an immigration station through which some 20 million immigrant entered the United States.
答案：D. à immigrants
分析及考点：单数可数名词不能单独出现。
参考译文：在1892-1954年间，Ellis Island是一个移民入境站，大约2000万的移民由此进入美国。
136. Interstellar matter intercepts some of the visibly light emitted by distant stars so that observers on Earth cannot view in detail distant parts of the Milky Way.
答案：A. à visible
分析及考点：形容词与副词混用。修饰名词“light”应用形容词“visible”而非副词“visibly”
参考译文：星际间的物质阻挡了遥远的恒星发出的一些可见光，因此地球上的观测者无法清晰地观察到银河系的深处。
137. Working by chemical reaction, and being independence of atmospheric oxygen, rockets are used to power interplanetary space vehicles.
答案：B. à independent of
分析及考点：“be independent of”，表“不受……的限制，不依赖于……”，固定搭配
参考译文：火箭通过化学反应来工作，并且不依赖于大气中的氧气，它被用来为星际太空飞船提供能量。
138. Wind and oceans currents may move icebergs thousands of kilometers from their resource.
答案：A. à ocean
分析及考点：复合名词的复数形式。ocean这里修饰current，一个名词修饰另外一个名词的时候，变复数时一般只变后者。特殊情况除外，比如women leaders。
参考译文：风和海流的作用可以使冰山离开它们的发源地数千公里。
139. Locomotion of the body is produced through the cooperation of skeletal muscles and another systems, including the skeletal, nervous, and circulatory systems.
答案：B. à other
分析及考点：“systems”为复数，只能用“other”修饰。Another ＋名词单数；other + 名词复数。
参考译文：身体的运动是在骨骼肌和其它系统（包括骨骼系统、神经系统和循环系统）的共同作用下完成的。
140. On 1848 the first organized meeting for women’s rights in the United States took pace in Seneca Falls, New York.
答案：A. à in
分析及考点：某个具体年份前用介词“in”，不能用“on”。
参考译文：1848年，美国第一次有组织的女权会议在美国纽约州的Seneca Falls召开。
141. The word “fable” frequently denotes a brief tale in whose animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to advance a moral point.
答案：B. à which
分析及考点：只有“which”引导的定语从句介词可以提前。如“in which”、“on which”、“to which”等。
参考译文：“fable”一词常指一个简短的故事，在故事中动物或其它没有生命的物体像人类一样说活和行动，通常用来表达一种寓意。
142. In his book Roots, Alex Haley combines fact and fiction as he describes his family’s history begins in the mid-1700’s in Africa.
答案：D. à which began
分析及考点：从句中的从句结构。句中D后面的句子修饰“his family’s history”，从句缺少主语，可改为which引导的从句。
参考译文：在他的《Roots》这本书中，Alex Haley使用了事实和虚构相结合的方法来描写他18世纪中叶源于非洲的家庭历史。
143. The poet Gwendolyn Brooks had she first poem published when she was thirteen years old.
答案：A. à her
分析及考点：A中应用物主代词“her”。
参考译文：诗人Gwendolyn Brooks在13岁时出版了她的第一首诗。