托福语法技巧:各种表示比较的句子结构

来源:微学外语考试频道发布时间:2008-10-17

形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……那样……”:
  A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
  一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。
  He was as white as a sheet.
  他面色苍白如纸。
  Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
  杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。
  Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.
  你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。
  形容词比较级可与than连用:
  The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
  新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。
  He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
  他犯的错比你少。
  He is stronger than I expected.
  他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:
  I didn’t expect him to be so strong.
  我没想到他长得这么壮。
  It was more expensive than I thought.
  这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:
  I didn’t think it would be so expensive.
  我没想到它会有这么贵。
  如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:
  This is the best way.
  这是最好的办法。
  在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。
  三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:
  This is the oldest theatre in London.
  这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
  The youngest of the family was the most successful.
  全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。
  关系从句中经常使用完成时态:
  It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.
  这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
  It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
  这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。
  He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.
  他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
  It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.
  这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。
  注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:
  I have never drunk better beer.
  我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
  I have never met a kinder man.
  我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。
  He had never spent a more worrying day.
  他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。
  注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:
  You are most kind.相当于:
  You are very kind.
  你很好心。
  意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。

要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:
  House Agent:Do you want a big house?
  房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?
  Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.
  安:是的,越大越好。
  Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.
  汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。
  一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连接的比较级表示:
  The weather is getting colder and colder.
  天气越来越冷了。
  He became less and less interested.
  他越来越不感兴趣。
  用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:
  Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
  骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。
  It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
  偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。
  原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:
  Tom is very like Bill.
  汤姆长得很像比尔。
  Bill and Tom are very alike.
  贝尔和汤姆长得很像。
  He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.
  他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。
  原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:
  He swims like a fish.
  他游起泳来像条鱼。
  You look like a ghost.
  你都不像人样了。
  Be like Peter/him:go jogging.
  像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。
  The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
  窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。
  as(连词)与动词连用的结构:
  Do as Peter does:go jogging.
  像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。
  Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?
  你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?
  但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:
  Cycle to work like we do.
  像我们一样骑车上班。
  I like+名词和as+名词结构:
  He worked like a slave.
  他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)
  He worked as a slave.
  他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)
  She used her umberlla as a weapon.
  她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)