2011新托福考试辅导:改错之非谓语动词

来源:微学网发布时间:2011-07-23

    一、现分与过分的区别

    现分 过分 考与不考备注

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    主动 被动 90%(后置定语,状)

    进行 完成 10%(前置定语)

    ┗┏┃ 动作 状态 不考

    ┏ a retired general

    ┗ a retirign general 错

    ┏ a fallen fruit 在地下

    ┗ a falling fruit 正在掉

    二、现在分词与过去分词的用法

    1. 用于名词后作后置定语,等同于定语从句,只考虑主被动

    Indians who lived in

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~=living

    分词=从句

    2. 用于句首,句末作状语,只考虑主被动

    非此即彼 ┏included in/by

    ┗including 分,prep

    ┏involved in

    ┗involving

    3. 常考的接doing的词

    enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,

    mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit

    spend …… (in) doing

    have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in) doing

    三、动词不定式的省略用法

    1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省

    ┗help sb to do = help sb do

    2. 使役动词必省to

    let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do

    have sth done

    3. 关于感观动词

    see, hear, notice, feel, watch

    必须省to

    ┏see sb do 看见整个过程

    ┗see sb doing 看见动作正在进行

    改被动后to 要加回来

    ┏be seen to do

    ┗be seen doing

    四、动词不定式的固定用法

    1. 第一“人”

    the first (sb) to do

    2. 表“迫使”的动词

    allow sb to do allow sth

    permit sb to do permit sth

    enable sb to do enable sth

    cause sb to do cause sth

    force sb to do force sth

    3. 表“倾向”的adj./V

    tend to do

    attemp to do

    be (more) likely to do

    that + 句子

    be inclined to do

    be apt to do

    be liable to do

    4. 表“目的”的名词

    The function + of sth. + is to do sth.

    function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention

    5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式

    be able to do -> ability to do

    enable sb to do

    decide to do -> decision to do

    be ambitious to do -> ambition to do

    try to do -> make great efforts to do

    attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do

    五、动词不定式的其它形式

    1. 动词不定式的将来式

    主动:be to do

    被动:be to be done

    表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情

    China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.

    被动式与过去分词的区别

    the surfaces to be glued

    the surfaces glued

    2. 动词不定式的完成时

    主动 to have done

    被动 to have been done

    表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前

    I‘m glad to have seen your son yesterday.

    3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动

    This plas is difficult to come out

    easy

    hard