2011托福语法辅导:方式副词

来源:微学网发布时间:2011-08-11

  方式副词位于动词之后:
  She danced beautifully.
  她舞姿优美。
  当动词带宾语时,它位于宾语之后:
  He gave her the money reluctantly.
  他勉勉强强地给了她钱。
  They speak English well.
  他们英语说得好。
  不要把副词置于动词和宾语之间。
  遇到动词+介词+宾语结构时,副词可置于介词之前或宾语之后:
  He looked at me suspiciously./He looked suspiciously at me.
  他怀有疑心地打量着我。
  但是,如果宾语由好几个词组成的时候,就要把副词置于介词之前:
  He looked suspiciously at everyone who got off the plane.
  他用怀疑的目光打量着每一个从飞机上走下来的人。
  同样,含动词+宾语的句子中宾语的长短也决定副词的位置。如果宾语较短,就用动词+宾语+副词的语序,如上文B所述。但是,如果宾语较长,通常就把副词置于动词之前:
  She carefully picked up all the bits of broken glass.
  她小心地拣起所有的碎玻璃片。
  He angrily denied that he had stolen the documents.
  他愤怒地否认他偷了那些文件。
  They secretly decided to leave the town.
  他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
  注意:如果副词置于从句或短语之后,则通常认为它修饰从句或短语中的动词。因此,如果把上面最后一个例句中的se-cretly移到句末,就改变了句子的含义:
  They secretly decided…
  他们秘密决定……(决定本身是秘密的。)
  They decided to leave the town secretly.
  他们决定秘密地离开这座城市。(“离开”这个行动是秘密的。)
  表示性格和智力的副词如foolishly,generously,kindly,stupidly等位于动词之前时表示行动是愚蠢的/好意的/慷慨的等:
  I foolishly forgot my passport.
  我愚蠢地忘了我的护照。
  He generously paid for us all.
  他很慷慨地代我们全付了钱。
  He kindly waited for me.
  他好意地等着我。
  Would you kindly wait?
  请您稍候。
  注意:也可以用下列句子表示这类种意思:
  It was foolish of me to forget.
  我真蠢,竟然忘记了。
  It was kind of him to wait.
  多蒙他好心等候。
  Would you be kind enough to wait?
  劳驾您等一等,好吗?(参见第252节。)
  副词可位于动词或动词+宾语之后,但句子意思就改变了:
  He spoke kindly.
  他说得很和蔼。相当于:
  His voice and words were kind.
  他的声调和话语都很和蔼。
  不同于:
  It was kind of him to speak to us.
  他跟我们说话,真是好心。
  He paid us generously.
  他付我们钱时出手很大方。相当于:
  he paid more than the usual rate.
  他比一般的价格付得多。
  不同于:
  It was generous of him to pay us.
  他付了我们钱,真慷慨。
  注意下面两句间的区别
  He answered the questions foolishly.
  他对这个问题做了愚蠢的回答。(他的回答是愚蠢的。)
  He foolishly answered the questions.
  他愚蠢地回答了问题。
  badly和well可用做方式副词或程度副词。作为方式副词,它们可以位于主动动词、宾语之后或者系动词与被动形式之间:
  He behaved badly.
  他表现得很坏。
  He read well.
  他读得很好。
  He paid her badly.
  他给她的钱很少。
  She speaks French well.
  她法语说得很好。
  She was badly paid.
  她挣的钱很少。The trip was well organized.
  旅行组织得很好。
  badly作为程度副词用时通常位于宾语之后或系动词与被动形式之间:
  The door needs a coat of paint badly./The door badly needs a coat of paint.
  这门急需刷一层油漆。
  He was badly injured in the last match.
  在最后一场比赛中他受了重伤。
  well(表示程度)和well(表示方式)可放在同样的位置:
  I’d like the steak well done.
  我喜欢牛排烤得熟一点儿。
  He knows the town well.
  他对那座城市很了解。
  Shake the bottle well.
  充分晃动瓶子。
  The children were well wrapped up.
  孩子们都穿戴得很暖和。
  well的含义有时取决于它所在的位置。
  注意以下区别:
  You know well that I can’t drive.
  你完全了解我不会开车。(关于这件事你一点也不会怀疑。)
  You know that I can’t drive well.
  你知道我车开得不好。(我不是一个好司机。)
  well可放在may/might和could之后,强调一个行动的可能性:
  He may well refuse.相当于:
  It is quite likely that he will refuse.
  他很可能会拒绝。
  somehow,anyhowsomehow(以某种方法/不知怎地/总算是)可放在句首、不及物动词之后及宾语之后:
  Somehow they managed.
  他们总算是凑合下来了。
  They managed somehow.
  (译文同上。)

  They raised the money somehow.
  他们想方设法把钱凑起来了。
  anyhow作为方式副词用是不常见的,但通常意为“无论如何/ 不管怎样”。