IBT托福修辞题解析

来源:网络发布时间:2008-12-31
 基本介绍:
  IBT听力中的修辞题是从听力段落中抽取一段含有某种修辞手法的句子,然后明辨该修辞手法的功能和目的。托福听力中常见的修辞方法有比喻,夸张,比拟,接待,反问等等。修辞方法的运用,无非是谈话人为了丰富其语言色彩,达到化平淡为生动,化深奥为浅显,化抽象为具体的效果,或是为了深化谈话人的意图,突出言辞的震撼力。要正确回答修辞类型的提问,考生应结合语境和气氛,深刻领会谈话人的真正目的。
  出现位置:
  IBT听力中的修辞题通常出现在课堂演讲(lectures)部分,在2个长对话,4个课堂演讲中,一般占5至6题。
  出题形式
  修辞题通常都是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句, 例如:
  Why does the professor say this? (询问使用了何种修辞手段)
  A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.
  B: To elicit an answer from the students.
  C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.
  D: To describe an imaginative situation.
  How dies the professor illustrate his point about ___? (询问谈话人是如何创造了某种修辞手段的)
  A: By comparing X to Y
  B: By giving an example of X
  Why does the professor say so? (节选了演讲中某一带有修辞用法的部分,让考生回答为什么谈话人用此修辞)
  A: To point out a flaw
  B: To repeat a point
  C: To define an important term
  D: To exemplify a key point
  解题技巧:
  1. 听原文时即可适时判断谈话人的真实意图,谈话人某句讲话修辞手法运用明显之时,往往就是考点出现之处。
  2. 熟悉常用修辞手段,如比喻(又分明喻,暗喻等), 夸张,比拟,例证,借代,反问, 反复,设问等等。
  3. 注意根据上线问和谈话气氛来综合回答问题,不要脱离主题凭空猜测谈话人的修辞意图。例如:
  (一)
  Professor: Through much of the last century, America’s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.
  Narrator:
  Listen again to a part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
  Professor: …Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.
  Why does the professor say this?
  A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.
  B: To elicit an answer from the students.
  C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.
  D: To describe an imaginative situation.
  解析:
  该题是询问为何使用某种修辞手法.
  从谈话节选段落中我们很容易看出, 教授使用的是暗喻的方法.
  该段落大概的意思是: 在上个世纪的大部分时间里, 美国式民主和自由的信仰如石沉大海,波澜不惊: 而今, 却如清风拂絮, 撒落人间.
  暗喻的方式是为了形成对比, 从而激起听者的想象力, 活跃课堂谈话的气氛.
  综上所述正确答案为C.
  (二)
  Narrator: Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question.
  Professor: Although that’s a theoretical danger---none of our monkeys showed any untoward side effects---that could occur.
  Why does the professor say so?
  A: To point out the advantage.
  B: To repeat a point
  C: To define an important point.
  D: To exemplify a key point
  解析:
  在看到题目的时候,注意不要脱离修辞谈具体,想想原材料中的具体的情形.
  另外有的干扰选项会脱离原文,即前面所说的不结合上下文和气氛进行臆断。所以要多多注意.
  还有的选项是利用其他修辞手段的特征,混淆正确选项。所以在这方面也要多多注意.
  该题正确选项为A
  总之, 在把握IBT听力修辞题的时候要多多注意材料中出现的修辞方法, 例如比喻,夸张,比拟,接待,反问等. 排除干扰项, 选出正确答案.