2011年职称英语考试技巧:单词六大记忆法

来源:网络发布时间:2010-04-29

  词汇选择是职称英语中第一个考试项目,它考查大家在一定语境下对单词或短语的理解。从表面上,这是词汇的考题,实际上这是一种最简单的阅读理解题。这里要给大家澄清一个概念,任何一种语言的语义最小单位是句子,而不是词。但是词汇或短语的理解对于句子的理解起着重要的作用。

  词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。一般大多数人认为背单词既吃力,又成效不大。实际上,若能采用适当的方法,不仅可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间,并且能提高记忆单词的质量。下面向大家推荐六种单词记忆法,仅供参考。

  一、结合记忆法

  将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境——句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:

  slope

  n.① 倾斜;坡度;斜度

  There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。

  ② 斜面;斜坡

  We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

  vi. 倾斜

  The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。

  critical

  adj.① 批评(性)的,吹毛求疵的

  I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

  ② 紧要的,关键的;危急的

  His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。

  通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。

  二、同类记忆法

  将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记,效果会比较好。

  注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。例如:headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,“中小学校长”;“president”和“chancellor”是同义词,都表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示“校长"”,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。

  再如,bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor(博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。

  这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。

  三、比较记忆法

  把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。

  例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. started

  B. finished

  C. changed

  D. made

  答案:B

  例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. largely

  B. possibly

  C. just

  D. rarely

  答案:C

  四、构词法记忆法

  通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:

  1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:

  picture(n)画——picture(v)描绘

  water(n)水——water(v)浇水

  例题1:He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. behavior

  B. style

  C. mode

  D. attitude

  答案:A

  解释:

  cnduct(v.)引导,管理,为人,传导

  cnduct (n.)操守,行为

  cnductor(n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等

  例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. suffer

  B. accept

  C. receive

  D. endure

  答案:D

  解释:

  bear(n.)熊

  bear(v.)负担,忍受,带给,具有,挤

  2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:

  happy → unhappy(加前缀)happiness(加后缀)

  例题1:The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. promote

  B. paint

  C. polish

  D. produce

  答案:D

  例题2:Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. mental

  B. physical

  C. natural

  D. hard

  答案:B

  man-、manu- = hand

  manage(管理)、manual(体力的,手册)、manuscript(手写稿)、manufacture(生产)、manumit(释放);

  例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. every year

  B. severely

  C. actively

  D. every month

  答案:A

  ann= year

  anniversaire(French)、anniversary、annals(编年史)、annuity(年金)

  3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:

  wood(木)cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

  pea(豌豆)nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)

  例题1:In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. judgement

  B. result

  C. decision

  D. event

  答案:B

  五、根义记忆法

  利用根义代替记忆多义,可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。

  比如要问immediate(ly)是否已记住,回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个“没有生词”的片段:

  a)The woman walks immediately behind the car.

  b)She is my immediate neighbor.

  c)the immediate cause

  若没有读懂,那么就请看immediate(ly)根义:中间没有间隔(地)

  1)(时间)立刻;

  2)(空间)紧挨,通接,紧跟,

  3)(关系)直接

  例题1:He will leave immediately. (2005职称英语用书)

  A. far away

  B. right away

  C. right here

  D. soon

  答案:B

  例题2:Can you follow the plot?(2003年职称英语卫生类C级)

  A. change

  B. investigate

  C. understand

  D. write

  答案:C

  请看下面几句中的“follow”分别都是什么意思?

  She went into the building, followed by a group of students.

  The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

  I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

  六、容易混淆词的特别记忆

  (1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词,例如:early;past;half;long;straight;fast;hard;quick;deep;slow; pretty;awful;wrong;right;high;late;hourly;early;weekly;etc.

  We had an early breakfast.(形容词)

  We went by a fast train.(形容词)

  We had breakfast early.(副词)

  Don't speak so fast.(副词)

  (2)有些形容词变为副词,可在字尾加ly,也可以不加,不过在字义上不同。

  (A)easy “安适地”;easily “容易地”:

  Stand easy!

  He's not easily satisfied.

  (B)clear ( = completely “完全地“;clearly“显然地”)

  The bullet went clear through the door.

  The thieves got clearly away.

  (C)high “高”;highly “很、非”;

  The birds are flying high.

  He was highly praised for his work.

  (D)slow和slowly当副词时同义,但slow比slowly语气强。

  I told the driver to go slow(er).

  Drive slowly round these bends in the road.

  (E)hard“辛苦地“;hardly“几乎不”

  He works hard.(= He is a hard worker.)

  He hardly does anything nowadays.(= He does very little nowadays.)

  (F)just“刚才;仅”;justly“公正地”

  I've just seen him.

  He was justly punished.

  (G)late“迟”;lately(= recently)“最近地”

  He went to bed late.

  I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.

  (H)pretty(= fairly, moderately)“十分,颇”;

  prettily(= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”

  The situation seems pretty hopeless.

  She was prettily dressed.