职称英语考试语法知识预习之动词

来源:中华会计网校发布时间:2012-10-12

  从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。

  1) be 动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词;

  2) 及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语, 也没有被动语态; 及物动词后面一定要有宾语;

  3) 双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语 + 宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子:

  My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)

  My father made me a doctor. (父亲把我培养成一名医生。)

  第一句是双宾语结构,即 My mother made a cake for me.

  第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".

  4) 情态动词:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A. 不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不变;B. 否定时在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 与另一动词连用,中间不用 + " to ", 如上举例。

  请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的:

  A. She needs to see a doctor.

  B. She doesn't need to see a doctor.

  C. Does she need to see a doctor?

  D. She needs not see a doctor.

  E. She needn't see a doctor.

  F. She doesn't need see a doctor.

  G. She needs see a doctor.

  从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。

  5) 助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。——表示强调)