高级口译section 3: 英译汉 (新东方口译研究中心:包悦)
原文:
Amid the hubbub over a few less-bad-than-expected statistics, America’s economic debate has turned to the nature of the recovery. Optimists expect a vigorous rebound as confidence returns, pent-up demand is unleashed and massive government stimulus takes effect. Most observers are bracing for a long slog, as debt-laden consumers rebuilt their savings, output growth remains weak and unemployment continues to rise. There is, however, something that eventually will have a much bigger impact on Americans’ prosperity than the slope of the recovery. That is the effect of the crisis on America’s potential rate of growth itself.
An economy’s long-term speed limit ( its “trend ”or “potential” rate of growth ) is the pace at which GDP can expand without affecting unemployment and, hence, inflation. It is determined by growth in the supply of labor along with the speed with which productivity improves. The pace of potential growth helps determine the sustainability of everything from public debt to the prices of shares. Unfortunately, the outlook for America’s potential growth rate was darkening long before the financial crisis hit. The IT-induced productivity revolution, which sent potential output soaring at the end of the 1990s, has waned. More important, America’s labor supply is growing more slowly as the population ages, the share of women working has leveled off and that of students who work has fallen.
参考答案:
由于一小部分经济数据显示当前经济状况并没有预期的那样坏,一些人就骚动起来,开始讨论起美国经济的复苏之路。乐观人士认为在信心恢复、压抑已久的内需得到释放和大量的政府刺激计划奏效的背景下,将会有一个强势的反弹。大多数专家,正准备迎来一个更加漫长的艰难之旅:债务累累的消费者正在重建他们的积蓄,产量的增长依旧迟缓,失业率仍在攀升……但是,还有一个比复苏趋势更会影响美国繁荣的东西,那就是这次危机给美国潜在的经济增长所带来的不良影响。
一个经济体长期处在最高的增长速度,是以GDP的增长不被失业率和通货膨胀所影响为条件的。而这,决定于劳动力供应的增长和生产力发展的速度。潜在增长的速度帮助决定了从国债到股价这一切能否持续稳定。遗憾的是,在金融危机发生很久以前,美国经济潜在增长率的前景就十分暗淡。IT行业引发的生产力革命,曾在上世纪90年代末使产量大幅上涨,但衰败了。更重要的是,美国劳动力供给的增长速度正变得比人口老龄化速度慢,女性工作者的比例已经稳定,学生的已经下降。
高级口译section 6: 汉译英 (新东方口译研究中心:Sherry)
原文:
因工作关系,我30年来,年年要外出公干,足迹几乎遍布全国,没有到过的地方只有西藏、内蒙和澳门。可惜远行奔波间,车马劳顿,总是行色匆匆,山水的怡情悦目,都如过眼的云烟,只不过领略了一个大概,不能去探寻幽僻的妙境。我凡事喜欢有自己的见解,不屑于人云亦云,即使是论诗品画,都是持一种别人珍贵的东西我抛弃、别人遗弃的东西我收取的态度。佛家有云,境由心生,因此,所谓的名胜,全在于你怎么看,有的名胜,你并不觉得它有多好;有的不是名胜,你自己却以为是个妙境。这里且将我平生的游历逐一道来,与诸君共享。
参考答案:
Over the 30 years, I have travelled on business on a yearly basis, my footprints found all across China with the only exceptions of Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Macao. It is regretful that my rushing on the long journeys leaves me heavy with the fatigue of travel and unable to savor the soothing and pleasing landscape of mountains and waters. Their tranquil beauty fades away like floating clouds, leaving only a vague impression without the exploration of the secluded realm of beauty. I cling to my own views on everything, feeling it beneath myself to echo those of others. Whether to evaluate poetry or painting, I tend to forsake what others treasure but cherish what others abandon. According to the Buddhist, the world is as how you feel it. Thus, it all depends on your perspective whether the scenic spots are good or not. Some of them, famous as they are, are not to your taste while others, obscure as they are, are the wonderland to you. And here, I present to you, and share with you, my numerous travels in life.
解析:
译笔生辉
在新东方的课堂上,我一直要求同学们在译文中译出英文的特色,剔除中式英文的痕迹,从而取得较高的分数。在这样一篇现代散文翻译中,同学们课堂所学到的技能很多都有了用武之地。
1. 分词结构
在英语中,分词结构跟在独立分句的后面,往往可以对前面的句子进行补充说明或者表示结果,我们常常可以利用这样的特征译出英语的风味。
如:
可惜远行奔波间,车马劳顿,总是行色匆匆,山水的怡情悦目,都如过眼的云烟,只不过领略了一个大概,不能去探寻幽僻的妙境。
It is regretful that my rushing on the long journeys leaves me heavy with the fatigue of travel and unable to savor the soothing and pleasing landscape of mountains and waters. Their tranquil beauty fades away like floating clouds, leaving only a vague impression without the exploration of the secluded realm of beauty.
2. 名词性从句
新东方的课堂上我教授过一类名词性从句,语言简洁,但是可以体现鲜明的英文特色。比如说,If you don’t have what you like, you must like what you have.这里的“what you have”“what you like”分别体现“拥有的东西”和“喜欢的东西”,简简单单,却言简意赅,我们可以加以利用。如:
即使是论诗品画,都是持一种别人珍贵的东西我抛弃、别人遗弃的东西我收取的态度。
I cling to my own views on everything, feeling it beneath myself to echo those of others. Whether to evaluate poetry or painting, I tend to forsake what others treasure but cherish what others abandon.
3. 倒装结构
英语的一种倒装结构可以体现转折的语气,译文中的应用会带来不错的效果。
如:
有的名胜,你并不觉得它有多好;有的不是名胜,你自己却以为是个妙境。
Some of scenic spots, famous as they are, are not to your taste while others, obscure as they are, are the wonderland to you.
译由心生
美国著名的翻译家奈达说翻译要追求功能上的对等,重要的不在于每个词语都一一对应,而在于它的意义、它的重心、它给予读者的感觉是否能够一一对应地呈现出来。
这篇汉语现代散文,给予了人生的观感许多哲学化的视角。其中有一句:
“佛家有云,境由心生,因此,所谓的名胜,全在于你怎么看,有的名胜,你并不觉得它有多好;有的不是名胜,你自己却以为是个妙境。”
这里的“境由心生”是佛家的智慧,也是中国古文化中推崇的人生态度。这里的“境”是什么呢?有人可能会考虑为“环境(environment)”,但environment从纯粹的物理角度探讨的世界,和我们心灵感知的世界有距离。有人会想起王国维在《人间词话》里说到的“古今之成大事业、大学问者,必经过三种之境界”,但这里的“境界”是人生所经历的阶段(stage),和这里的“境”意义上也并不相重。如果从人文的角度去探讨我们所处的环境,其实就是我们说的“the world”,你所感知到的世界,就是世界的本来面目。我们可以译成:
According to the Buddhist, the world is as how you feel it.
此外,本句末端也有一个“境”,那是什么呢?“有的不是名胜,你自己却以为是个妙境。”,这里的“妙境”就是个美妙的地方,如果同学们都还记得我在课堂上所提过的Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland,会不会有一点灵感,当你把这对你来说充满奇幻和美妙的地方翻译成“wonderland”或者是“fairyland” (“因此,所谓的名胜,全在于你怎么看,有的名胜,你并不觉得它有多好;有的不是名胜,你自己却以为是个妙境。”译作“Thus, it all depends on your perspective whether the scenic spots are good or not. Some of them, famous as they are, are not to your taste while others, obscure as they are, are the wonderland to you.”),这将是译文最后的点睛之笔。
没有规矩不成方圆
翻译要求我们充分理解原文的意义,在目标语中尽量通顺和自然地表述出来。英汉两种语言的差异非常之大,我们要充分地观察了解两种语言的不同,寻找规律,在翻译中遵循这些规律,译出地道的文章。在新东方的课堂上,我们传达许多的规律,提高的是同学们对于英汉两种语言的了解,提高的是同学们的综合能力。
1. 分清主次 突出重点
汉语散文文体分句多,形散意不散,我们要把貌似散乱的分句连接成整体,才能符合英语的特色。在连接的时候,我们又要分清主次,一般是行为作为主句,补充说明作为从属。
如:
因工作关系,我30年来,年年要外出公干,足迹几乎遍布全国,没有到过的地方只有西藏、内蒙和澳门。
Over the 30 years, I have travelled on business on a yearly basis, my footprints found all across China with the only exceptions of Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Macao.
这里“年年要外出公干”作为主句,其他“足迹几乎遍布全国”利用独立主格结构,“没有到过的地方”利用介词结构“with the only exceptions of”连接,浑然一体。
2. 长句切分,当断则断
中文的句子一气呵成,七八个小句子顺次讲来,体现整体思维上的连贯。英语中太多层次的意义在构造上会比较困难,我们要求同学遇上长句,当断则断,在这次考试的时候如果同学注意到了这一点,译文出来就会比较顺畅。比如:
我凡事喜欢有自己的见解,不屑于人云亦云,即使是论诗品画,都是持一种别人珍贵的东西我抛弃、别人遗弃的东西我收取的态度。
I cling to my own views on everything, feeling it beneath myself to echo those of others. Whether to evaluate poetry or painting, I tend to forsake what others treasure but cherish what others abandon.
这里就可以把原句切分成两个部分,前面“我凡事喜欢有自己的见解,不屑于人云亦云”说明作者一般的思维方式,后面说明在“论诗品画”时作者如何坚持这样的思维习惯。
再比如:
佛家有云,境由心生,因此,所谓的名胜,全在于你怎么看,有的名胜,你并不觉得它有多好;有的不是名胜,你自己却以为是个妙境。
According to the Buddhist, the world is as how you feel it. Thus, it all depends on your perspective whether the scenic spots are good or not. Some of them, famous as they are, are not to your taste while others, obscure as they are, are the wonderland to you.
这里的“佛家有云,境由心生”可以单独做成一个英语句子,突出重点。而后再用一个英语句子慢慢加以说明对待名胜的态度也是“境由心生”。