Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A Question of Judgment
Human beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas(配额)and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见)by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants(被告)only to forced community service on that day.
To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.
As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇科学研究。主要讲述了Simonsohn博士认为法官在判案时会把主观因素加入进去。为证明自己的论断,他对MBA学生的录取过程进行了研究。研究证明面试官形成了对候选人不合逻辑的预期,这导致录取过程不够客观。
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本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是这好像是保证人们判断能力的力量,所以选择 A。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:第一眼看上去,这好像是一种_____人们判断能力的力量。 A保证 B 武装C否认D送货。所以选择 A。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是这种判断能力和外界因素无关,所以选择 B。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:这种判断能力和______因素无关。A少数的 B 外部的C重要的,决定性的D客观的。所以选择 B。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合句意可知,后一句话是对前一句话进一步的解释,所以选择 D。
此题是短语词义辨析题,句意为:,但是在一个有配额和限制的世界里,______,大部分专业人士操纵的世界里。 A首先;最重要的是 B 更别提C整体上D换言之。所以选择 D。
短语意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合句意可知,前后句子是假设关系,所以选择 A。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为_______那天他刚刚判了其他5个或者6个被告去强制做社区服务,害怕在罪犯身上表现软弱的法官更可能把人送进监狱。A如果 B直到C尽管D如果不;除非。所以选择 A。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是为了验证他的想法,开始做实验。所以选择 A。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:为了_____他的想法,Simonsohn 博士和他的助手,把注意力转移到了大学录取过程。A检验 B 强调C分享D提升。所以选择A。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是每个申请者的成功,不应该依靠于其他的面试者,所以选择 D。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:理论上,每个申请者的_____不应该依靠于同一天其他随机______的面试者, A决定 B 质量C身份,地位D成功。所以选择D。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是每个申请者的成功不应该依靠于同一天其他随机被选择的面试者,所以选择 C。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:理论上,每个申请者的成功不应该依靠于同一天其他随机______的面试者, A被发现 B 被研究C被选择D被鉴定。所以选择 C。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是他研究了被31个面试官所实施的9323个MBA的面试,所以选择 C。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:他研究了被31个面试官_____的9323个MBA的面试, A鼓舞 B 表达C实施D保护。所以选择 C。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是这个比例把大量因素考虑在内,所以选择 C。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:这个比例把大量因素考虑在内,包含沟通技巧,个人驱动力,合作能力和个人成就。 A 放 B 得到 C take...into consideration 把......考虑在内D给。所以选择 C。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合句意可知,应该是来自于这个评级的分数,然后和申请者的GMA分数联合在一起使用,所以选择 B。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:来自于这个评级的分数,______和申请者的GMAT 分数联合在一起使用, A相反 B 然后C曾经D相当。所以选择 B。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合句意可知,应该是以满分800分进行打分,来决定申请者是否接受申请,所以选择 C。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:GMAT是一次标准的考试,从800分中______,来决定是否接受申请者。A选择 B 通过C打分D介绍。所以选择 C。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是Simonsohn博士发现,在一天的面试者中,如果先前的候选人比之前的那些候选人的分数高出0.75分以上,所以选择 D。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:Simonsohn博士发现,在一天的面试者中,如果先前的候选人比_____的那些候选人的分数高出0.75分以上, A在......下面 B在......以后C在......上方D在......以前。所以选择 D。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是那么接下来的候选人分数将会平均下降0.075,所以选择 D。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:那么接下来的候选人分数将会平均______0.075, A跳 B 漂浮C流动D下降。所以选择 D。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,应该是面试者可能形成了不合逻辑的预期:还会有更弱的候选人,所以选择 B。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:面试者可能形成了不合逻辑的预期:还会有更弱的候选人, A更强的 B 更弱的C更好的D更差的。所以选择 B。
单词意思不明。
本题考查了词义辨析。结合上下文可知,它可能要为比拒绝合格的商务学校候选人更糟糕的事情负责,所以选择 A。
此题是词义辨析题,句意为:它可能要为比______合格的商务学校候选人更糟糕的事情负责, A拒绝 B 招待C名声D重建。所以选择 A。
单词意思不明。