本期重点：动词
动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词误用和及物动词、不及物动词的混淆上。非谓语动词误用主要体现在分词和过去分词的混淆，如将a puzzling question误用为a puzzled question；遇到某些特殊的动词还要考虑它们要跟动词不定式还是动名词，还是两者都可以但是含义不同，例如regret doing 意思为“后悔做…”，而regret to do意思为“遗憾做…”；还有动名词和不定式做句子的宾语和主语问题。及物动词、不及物动词很好理解，如survive一词是及物动词，因此“在地震中生存下来”就是survive the earthquake，而非survive in the earthquake，此时应该去掉介词in；有时候，在不及物动词后面又少了相应的介词，要加上。
例题解析：
例1：Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed S1._________
as a member of a disguised hunting pack
解析：本句的主语the modern footballer是view的逻辑主语，根据view的词性和句子的意思，两者之间应该是被动关系，所以只能用view的过去分词形式。
例2：Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile. S4___________
解析：动词avoid后面应该用动词的现在分词形式。mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit，advise, appreciate, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, stop, delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk等这些词后面都要跟动词的现在分词形式。
例3：Culture refers to the social heritage of a people - the learned
patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a
population or society, include the expression of these patterns in S1__________
material things
解析：分析该句结构可知，谓语是refers to，因此include必须改成including才符合语法规范。
例4：Wear the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom. S6.________
解析：分析句子语法结构可知，主语为Wear the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand整句话，但动词不能作主语，所以要使用其动名词形式，将wear 改为wearing。
二、巩固与拓展
1．Whether women who have started a career will attain pay equality with men rest on at least two factors. __________
2．They believed it was good business to hire men, women and children
as cheaply as possible, make them to work as they could and, when they _____
became inefficient, worn out, or unable to work for any reason, discharging them. _______
3．Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to
explain how things happen and thus originating the method of controlled __________
experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.
4．A move body would slow down unless a force was constantly applied to it. __________
三、综合训练
In the 500 years, nothing about people --- not their clothes, ideas,
or languages--- have changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate 1.__
drink was made of the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American 2.______
Indians. The Spanish introduced them to the rest of the world during the 1500s. 3._
And although it was very expensive, but it quickly became fashionable. 4. ______
In London, shops chocolate drinks were served became important 5.____
meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600s, the Spanish bought it 6.___
from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became very 7. ____
dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crops were failed 8.____
during the “ potato Famine” of 1645 -1646, and thousands more were forced
to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from south Africa to the Old
World. But some others went for the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s 9._
largest grower of coffee, but coffee is an important crop in Colombia and 10.__
other South American countries.
参考答案及解析
二、巩固与拓展
1. rest -> rests
分析句子的语法结构可知，主语是whether引导的名词性从句，rest是谓语，单个从句作主语时，谓语也应该为相应的第三人陈单数。
2. to -> /；discharging -> discharge
解析第二空：根据句子的法结构，hire, make, discharge是三个并列的动词（根据第二句的and可知），所以三个动词的形式都应该保持一致。
3．originating -> originated
并列句不对称。and后面的thus说明并列句的第二部分是和前面的began对应的，而非began后的trying对应，所以应该将originating改为originated
4. move -> moving
此处的move用来修是名词body，应该用现在分词，作形容词，表示正在进行的。
三、综合训练
1．have -> has
本句的主语是nothing，破折号里面只是插入语，所以谓语应该用第三人称单数。
2．of -> from
这里考查be made of 和be made from的辨析。原料加工后完全变了样，这是用be made from；原料加工后仍可辩认，这时用be made of. 句中指“咖啡饮料是由咖啡树种子制成的”，由于原料无法辨认，所以用be made from。
3．them -> it
考查代词一致。句中是说西班牙人引进巧克饮料，指上文中的chocolate drink，故用it。
4．but -> /
在一个句子中，(al)though 和but不可同时连用。
5．shops后加where
本句的主干应该是shops became meeting places，而中间那句是定语从句修饰shops，并且shops在从句中左地点状语，所以应该在shops后加上where。
6．bought -> brought
形近词辨析。根据句子的意思，土豆应该是被从秘鲁带到欧洲，而不是被买到欧洲。
7．very -> so
本句为so…that…结构
8．were -> /
fail 在句中作不及物动词，不能用被动语态。
9．for -> in
考查固定搭配，in the opposite direction，direction应该与in搭配。
10．but -> and