本期重点： 从句类型混淆，从句关系代词误用
考点例析：
例1：Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease that
requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead,
patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. S7._______
解析：本句中take后面的部分应该是做take的宾语，that不能既做take的宾语又连接宾语从句，所以应该把that改为what.
例2：There’s also convincing evidence which dyslexia is largely S5._______
inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem for some kids,
not just a “phase”. Scientists have also discarded another old
stereotype that almost all dyslexics are boys
解析：evidence后面是同谓语从句，解释说明evidence，所以应该将which改为that。
例3：Tobacco companies had encountered the reports, that purported 4.________
to show links between smoking and cancer and other serious diseases.
解析：这里是非限定性定语从句，又因为从句缺少主语，所以只能使用引导词which，故将that改为which。
例4：Which is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, 2._______
in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation（复原）.
解析：此处是主语从句，从句中缺主语，应该使用what，所以将Which改为What。
巩固与拓展
1.Some were treated as mentally deficient: many were left
functionally illiterate (文盲的)，unable to ever meet their
potential. But in the last several years, there’s been a
revolution in that we’ve learned about reading and dyslexia. _________
2.It was in the Unite States which the great advances in nineteenth __________
-century agricultural machinery first came
3.He also found a school of technology what is now part of __________
Carngie-Mellon University.
4. The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles
which friendly conversation is considered entirely appropriate _________
and really quite normal behavior.
5. When there is a will, there is a way. __________
综合训练
Punctuality(准时) means observing(遵守) regular or
appointed time. A man who gets up at seven o"clock every morning
is punctual. A man who has permitted to call on a friend at 1. _______
five o"clock in the afternoon and actually does such at that hour 2. ______
is also punctual.
Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad
one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 3. _______
But it may have bad results. Getting up five minutes later than
usually may upset the plan of the day. 4. ____
Call on a friend five minutes later than the appointed time may 5. _______
cause him some unexpected trouble. Nevertheless, habitual 6._______
unpunctuality leads to indolence(懒惰) and even failure in life.
One delay after another makes a man unable to exert himself. It
also proves him be untrustworthy. 7._______
Those who are unpunctual should try their best to get rid
from their bad habit. In doing this, they should avoid making 8. ______
any kind of exception. They should ever say to themselves:“A 9.______
few minutes’ delay does not matter this time. I shall never be
unpunctual again.” Those who think in this way will find
excuses for delay from time to time, and will at least give up the
attempt cultivate the good habit of punctuality. 10. ______
Like all other good habits, punctuality becomes second
nature with those who have duly cultivated it.
参考答案及解析：
巩固与拓展
1. that -> which
2. which -> that
本句是强调句型It is +被强调部分+that。。
3. what -> which / that
此处是定语从句，修饰先行词a school of technology，该从句缺少主语并且先行词是物所以引导词应该用which或者that。
4. which -> where或which前加in
定语从句缺少状语，从句先行词是地点，故关系代词使用where或in which。
5. When ->Where
有志者事竟成。
综合训练
1 permitted → promised
permit作为动词，是“允许”的意思，常用于词组permit sb. to do sth.：允许某人做某事。根据上下文，此处应译为：“一个许诺下午五点钟拜访一位朋友，而事实上也做到了这一点的人是准时的”。这里所表达的意思是“许诺”，不是“允许”，应用promise,并且promise to do sth.是“许诺做某事”的意思，从语法上也符合。此句是易混词错误。
2 such → so
such和so的共同点在于两者都是代词，都是“这样”的意思。区别在于such不能单独代替某成份，而so可以独立代替前文所提及的事。如此句中does such a thing = does so,但是does such却不符合语法。本句属于代词误用错误。
3 minutes → minutes"
本句中minutes是名词，不能直接修饰后面的名词delay，应该用名词所有格形式，改成minutes"。这属于词性错误。
4 usually → usual
usually是副词，意思是“通常地”。这里five minutes later than usual中的“… than usual”是固定搭配。usual的类似用法还有as usual(和平常一样)。这是固定搭配错误。
5 Call → Calling
本句主语是一个动词短语，但是动词短语做主语时，其中的动词只能用动名词或不定式的形式，因而把Call改成Calling。此句属于非谓语动词错误。
6 Nevertheless → Moreover
Nevertheless作为连词，表示转折，意思是“然而，但是”。根据上下文理解，这里应是一个递进关系，不是转折关系。前一句是“迟到五分钟会给他带来预想不到的麻烦”，后一句说“经常不准时导致懒惰和失败”，因而是更进一步说明的递进关系，须把nevertheless改成moreover。这是连接词错误。
7 him ∧ be → to
“prove sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意思是“证明某人做某事”。原句缺少不定式标志to。这属于固定搭配的错误。
8 from → of
“get rid of”是固定搭配，意思是“摆脱”。用from是错误用法，应把它改成“of”。这属于固定搭配错误。
9 ever→ never
本句属于篇章理解方面的错误。根据上下文，此句应是否定句。上文说“他们应该避免有任何例外”，下文说“这样想的人总会为他们的迟到找借口”，因而此句作者要表达的意思是“他们不应该这样说……”，所以要把ever改成never。
10 cultivate前加 to
cultivate意思是“培养”，这里做名词attempt的定语。“attempt （n.） to do sth.”意思是“做某事的尝试/努力”，应用不定式做后置定语。