1、逻辑反义词。即短文中的错误单词和上下文的逻辑关系不符，恰巧是正确答案的反义词，例如将buy说成sell，easy说成hard等；还有就是按上下文的语义，句中多用或少用了not或no。这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语意的基础上才能发现并改正。
2. 连接词错误。指短文中前后两句话或者两段落间的连接词未能正确地体现前后文之间的逻辑关系。常见的有并列连词but, and, for, or的混淆和误用；主从连词because, as, if, although, before, after等的混淆和误用；连接性副词however, moreover, therefore等的混淆和误用； 连接性介词because of, despite, besides, instead of等的混淆和误用。
考点例析：
例1：In the 1950s, the
introduction of antibiotics (抗菌素) strengthened the trend in rich countries, and the antibiotics were allowed to be imported to poor countries. S6._____ （2001.6）
解析： import意为“进口，输入”，export意为“出口，输出”。根据本句大意，进出口的对象为发达国家生 产的抗菌素，显然只能“出口”到贫困国家。此外，根据介词也可以判断，import常与from搭配， export常与to搭配。故应该将imported改为exported。
例2：In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill --- the first spoken words, the first dependent steps, and the beginning of writing or reading. ________
解析：根据上文的意思，应该是“每个家长都很渴望自己孩子能学到新的本领---第一次说话，独自走的第一步，写或读的开始”。破折号后面是举例说明skill。Dependent意为“依靠的依赖的”，既然是新的本领，那也就应该是“独自走的第一步”，故将deoendent改为independent。
例3：As income goes up, people may not want more food to eat or
more clothes to wear. Therefore they may want more and better 1.______
care from doctors, detists and hospitals. They are likely to travel
more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more jobs 2.______
are available in these jobs.
解析：
1. 前一句话的大意是“当人们收入增加时（物质条件得到了改善），人们不需要更多吃的和穿的”。后一句所表达的是人们希望得到更多医疗条件上的改善。经此分析，可知两句话的关系应为转折关系，故将Therefore改为But。
2. 上一句说“他们可能会去旅游和想得到更多的教育”。根据下文“越来越多这样的工作都能找到”。由此可判断这两句之间应该是因果关系，故将Nevertheless改为Therefore或Thus.
综合训练
Last year's economy should have won the Oscar for the best picture.
growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percents; profits soared; exports ___1___
flourished; and inflation stayed around 3 percent for the third year. Though ___2___
why so many Americans give the picture a lousy B rating? The answer is
jobs. The microeconomic situation was good, and the microeconomic ___3___
numbers were not. Yes, 3 million new jobs were there, but not enough of them
were temporary, good jobs paying enough to support a family. Job ___4___
insecurity was rampant（猖獗的）. Even as they announced higher sales and
profits, corporations acted as if they were in a tailspin, cutting 516,069 jobs
in 1994 alone, almost as much as in the recession year of 1991. ___5___
Yes, unemployment went down. But over 1 million workers were so
couraged that they left the labor force. More than 6 million who wanted ___6___
fulltime job were only partially employed; and another large group was either
unqualified or sheltered behind the euphemism of self-employment. We lost
a million good manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1995, continuing the
trend the blue-collar work force has been reduced from about 30 percent in ___7___
the 1950s to about half that today. White-collar workers found out they are ___8___
no longer immue. For the first time, they were let go in numbers virtually
equal to those for blue-collar workers. Many resorted in temporary work ___9___
with lower pay, fewer benefits but less status. ___10___
All that in a country where people meet for the first time would say ,
“what do you do?”
参考答案及解析:
1. percents -> percent
用percent表示百分数时，只需用基数词加上单数percent即可。
2. Though -> But
3. and -> but
4. temporary -> permanent
根据句意：尽管有300万个新的工作职位，但长久的工作岗位是不足够的。temporary意为“临时的，暂时的”，permanent意为“永久的，固定的”，根据but和not enough可知应该是没有足够的长久工作岗位。
5. much -> many
此处的many修饰前面的jobs，相当于almost as many (jobs) as in the recession year of 1991。由于job是可数名词，故应该用many修饰。
6. couraged -> discouraged
根据上下文，短期的工作使工人失望，所以应该使用discouraged。
7. trend后加that
此处trend后是一个完整的句子，根据意思这句话是解释说明trend的同位语从句，故要加上引导词that。注：同位语从句的that不能省略。
8. are -> were
根据整篇文章的时态和主句的谓语动词found out可知此处要用过去时。
9. in -> to
eesort to是固定搭配，意为“求助于….，采取”。
10. but -> and
此句句意为“很多人都会做工资少、福利少和低职位的临时工”。 此处lower pay, fewer benefits 和less status都属于同级，因此应该是并列关系而不是转折关系。