大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(6)

        注：1.第一句实验细节
　　2.stimulation 刺激
　　In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
　　注：committe=do （坏事） commite a crime
　　The fourth test required people to read a passage,
　　then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
　　注：1.首句为实验过程
　　2.第二句为实验结果，作比较，可简写为 Nonsmoker remembered more than active smoker
　　3.划线的部分指的是active smoker. 即deprived smoker bested active smoker
　　4.best v. 胜过
　　23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
　　A) beat
　　B) envied
　　C) caught up with
　　D) made the best of
　　注：词汇题，根据第5段末句的意思可推断为A选项。
　　"As our tests became more complex." Sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins," He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
　　注：1.by wide margin 差距大 margine 差距；页边空白处，利润
　　2.perform 执行，表演
　　3.末句为重要句：
　　尤其是末句出现转折时或者末句为结论时。本句出现了but
　　4.mental 思维的，精神的 mental capacity 思维能力
　　25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
　　A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
　　B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
　　C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
　　D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
　　注：1.此题为推理题，选项的特点为文章相应内容的同义改写
　　2.根据选项定位最后一段末句，重点在but后面
　　3.prove unequal to 无法胜任，D项为but后的同义改写
　　4.C选项首先是过度推理，其次no+n.为绝对语气词，通常为干扰，带有可能性语气词的选项通常为优选(不但适用于推理题，而且适用于所有题型)
　　"As our tests became more complex." Sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins," He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity."
　　21. The purpose of George Spilich' s experiments is _________.
　　A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
　　B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
　　C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
　　D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
　　注：实验目的题，A 项为第一段实验目的同义改写，B,C 项为吸烟的负面影响与文中意思相反
　　Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate." Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.
　　22. George Spilich' s experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
　　A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
　　B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
　　C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
　　D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
　　注：1.题目中没有具体指出是哪一个实验，所以就是针对所有提到的实验来说。
　　2.A 涉及文章倒数第二段的实验。
　　The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
　　3.C 涉及文章第三段的实验。
　　The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
　　4.D 选项也只涉及文章中某一个实验。

    　23. The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means ________.
　　A) beat
　　B) envied
　　C) caught up with
　　D) made the best of
　　注：词汇题，根据第5段末句的意思可推断为A选项。
　　24. Which of the following statements is true?
　　A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
　　B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
　　C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
　　D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
　　注：C选项是第一个实验结果deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well
　　Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
　　16. According to the author, the sonar system of bats
　　is an example of the idea that ____.
　　A) this is the age of technological triumphs
　　B) modern machines are inefficient
　　C) living mechanisms are often more efficient than man -made machines
　　D) artificial imitations are always less efficient than living mechanisms
　　17. The author suggests that the sonar system of bats ____.
　　A) was at the height of its perfection 50 million years ago
　　B) is better than man-made sonar because it has had 50 million years to be be refined
　　C) should have been discovered by man many years ago
　　D) is the same as it was 50 million years ago
　　18. Echo location in this article means the _____.
　　A) location of echoes
　　B) ability to determine where an echo comes from
　　C) scientific term for sound waves
　　D) ability to locate unseen objects by echoes
　　19 This article was written to illustrate ____.
　　A) the deficiencies of man-made sonar
　　B) the dependence of man upon animals
　　C) that we are living in a machine age
　　D) that the sonar system of bats is remarkable
　　20. The following is the main point of the article:____
　　A) A bat will catch hundreds of insects in a single hour.
　　B) There is a perfection in nature which sometimes can not be matched by man's creative efforts.
　　C) The phrase "blind as a bat" is valid.
　　D) Sonar and radar systems of man are inefficient.