四级新题型考试应试系列――改错(Error Correction)
1. 简介
在四级新题型考试中,改错题是作为完形填空题的置换题出现的,在实考试卷中只能是二者取其一。所以它在考试中所占分值比例与完形填空一样,也是10%。改错题通常选用一篇200词左右的短文,其中有10个语法结构和用词方面的错误,分布在除首句外的10行中。这些错误可能是因为用错了一个词或词形变化造成的,也可能是因为多用一个词或少用一个词造成的。用错的词可能是意义或形式容易混淆的词,可能是意义相反的词,也可能是造成语法错误或搭配错误的词;词形变化错误可能是词性、时态、语态、性、数、格等语法方面的错误。有的错误在同一短语或句子中一眼就能辨别,有的错误则必须在充分理解上下文的基础上才能识别。考生在答题前一定要认真阅读并理解全文,答题时,要参阅和琢磨上下文。
2. 题型分析
改错也是一项综合测试题型。虽然形式不同,但其测试重点与完形填空所覆盖的测试内容大致相同。在解答改错题时,应主要从以下几个方面进行观察和判断:
固定搭配――考查动词词组、介词词组、形容词词组、动宾词组等固定搭配的用法;
语法句法――考查单复数、虚拟语态、从句等语法现象;
语义逻辑――考查上下文的语义关系,常利用反义词来混淆视听;
关系连词――考查句子内部或句群之间的逻辑关系,例如因果关系、转折关系、递进或并列关系、总分关系等;
指代关系――考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词与被指代的名词的对应关系;
词汇用法――与完形填空相比较而言,改错部分考查的对象除名词、动词、形容词和副词等实义词的用法外,也经常考查一些功能词的用法,如介词、连词等。
3. 解题技巧
1) 首先,通读全文,把握文章全貌,抓住文章主旨大意;
2) 然后,根据上述5类改错题中常见的出题点,按图索骥,对号入座。注意一时拿捏不准的题目可先跳过;
3) 最后,再通读一遍全文,做好扫尾工作,解决难题,复查做好的题。
4. 实战演练
下面,以一份六级试卷中的改错题为例,介绍一下改错题型的解题步骤与方法。
例:
Technology is another great force for change. In part, |
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technology has caused the population explosion; many of us |
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won’t now be alive if it weren’t for advances in health, |
1. __________ | |
agriculture and industry. But in part, technology helps resolve |
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the population problem, either. It’s a never ending cycle. The |
2. __________ | |
need for more food discourages development of better |
3. __________ | |
technology which naturally keeps more people alive. And |
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there are no going back to a simple, less technologically |
4. __________ | |
complex time. We’re born. We’re here. We’re hungry. |
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While technology makes this possible for four or even six |
5. __________ | |
billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. In |
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theory, it is impossible that all the goods and services the |
6. __________ | |
world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of the |
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population. This tendency of technology to make workers |
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superfluous (过剩的) but at same time allowing their numbers |
7. __________ | |
to grow up so large is creating psychological tensions. |
8. __________ | |
Traditionally, work determines our way of life. But if 98 |
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percent of us doesn’t need to work, what are we going to |
9. __________ | |
do with oneself? Something more than work must be found to |
10. __________ | |
determine both income and meaning in life—otherwise 98 |
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percent of us could be both hungry and frustrated (沮丧的). |