2011年翻译考试常见英语词语辨析(5)

来源:微学网发布时间:2011-06-10

  36.no one与none
  ①no one没有人(只指人,不能用来指物),意思与nobody相同,作主语时不需跟of短语连用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest.没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。No one else but I went.除我以外,谁也没去。②none一个也没有(既可指人,也可指任何东西)。作主语时,代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,代替可数名词,谓语动词单、复数都可以。但在“主系表”句型中,如表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式,如:None of us are (is) afraid of difficulties.我们谁也不怕困难。There is none of it left.那东西一点也没剩下。③在回答“一个都没有”时,除了注意人或物的区别外,还要看提问的角度,也就是用how many/much来问,习惯上用none来否定回答,用Is there any…来问,就用no one来回答。
  37.trip, travel, tour与journey
  ①trip是非正式用语,常可作journey的替换词,强调一次往返的短途旅程。如:He went on a trip to the nearest seaside during his vacation.假期中他到最近的海滨作了一次旅行(远足)。
  ②travel泛指旅行、游历,尤指国外旅行,但无路程的含义。如:We plan to travel to Africa.我们计划去非洲旅行。
  ③tour作“游历、观光、参观访问”解,强调在“漫游,巡视”。如:The play will tour the countryside in the autumn.这出戏将于今秋在农村巡回演出。
  ④journey常指陆地上由一地到另一地的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是个较正式的用法。如:We made a journey to the Northeast of China.我们在中国的东北作了一次旅行。
  38.destroy与damage
  ①destroy主要在于“破坏,摧毁”的严重后果,具有主观意识,同时还有“打破(希望、计划),消灭,歼灭(敌人)”之意,如:We’ll destroy the old world and build the new.我们将打破旧世界,建设新世界。All the hopes were destroyed.所有的希望都破灭了。The hurricane destroyed the whole town.飓风摧毁了整个镇子。
  ②damage“损害,破坏,损失”,主要表示“某事给……带来损害”,如:The storm caused great damage.暴风雨造成了巨大损失。His words have done a lot of damage to the government’s popularity.他的讲话给政府的声望带来很大损害。
  39.be about to do sth.与be to do sth
  ①be about to do=to be just ready to; be going to正要,马上就,使用时不可再与表示时间的词语连用。如:We were about to leave when it started to rain.我们正要离开时,天突然下起雨来了。I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要上床睡觉,这时有人敲门。
  ②be to do sth.表示“一定会发生”,“将来的安排”,“将来可能发生”。例如:We are to get married next week.我们将于下周结婚。What am I to do?我该怎么做?I’m to see him today at 6 o’clock.我今天将在6点钟去看他。Am I to go on with my speech?我要继续讲下去吗?
  40.go on doing, go on to do与go on with
  这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:go on doing表示“继续做,一直在做的事(中间无间断)”;go on to do表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。如:He told Dr Bethune not to go on operating any more.他告诉白求恩大夫不要继续手术了。After reading English, I went on to do maths exercises.读了英语之后,我接着做数学练习。After having a break, we went on with our lessons.休息之后,我们继续上课。