定语从句在英语中大量出现.有长有短,结构有繁有简,对先行词的限制有强有弱,有时起着补充说明的作用,或者在逻辑上表示原因,目的,条件,让步和结果等等意义.因此对定语从句的翻译显得尤其重要,以下我将介绍给大家一些定语从句翻译的技巧
1) 压缩法
把英语的定语从句压缩成汉语的一个句子成分,也就是译成汉语中带"的"词组,当定语从句叫简短,则把这个带"的"汉语定语词组置于被修辞的词语之前
No doubt there are questions or principles involved which can not be ignored and underestimated.
无疑,这里涉及人们不能忽视或低估的原则问题
Law offers us our best hope of overcoming the differences that prevail the world.
法律使我们对克服世界上普遍存在的分歧有了最大的希望
But Miggle's laugh , which was very infectious , broke the silence.
但是,密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默
The deterioration of the international situation , which I noted in the introduction to the annual report last year , has continued.
我在去年的年度报告导言中提到的那种国际形势的恶化一直在继续
2) 拆译法
如果定语从句冗长复杂,不论是限制性的或是非限制性的,往往可以译成并列句,放在主句的前后,偶尔还可以完全脱离主句而独立成句
He will show her the place where they could make her look a proper dame----for next to nothing .
他可以带她到那个地方,在哪儿他们会把她打扮成一个漂亮的少女,而且花不了几个钱
I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry and soon the news spread all over the campus.
我把消息告诉了罗伯特,他又告诉了他的朋友莱里,消息很快在校园里传开了
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们在为实现一个理想而奋斗,这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的,许多中国人曾为之献出自己的生命
He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.
他和副总统尼克松谈过话,副总统向他保证,凡是能够做到的,一定尽力去办.
3) 转译法
英语中有些定语从句在逻辑上对主句起着状语的作用,说明原因,目的,结果,条件和让步等等关系.汉译时应从原文的字里行间审定这些逻辑关系,然后译成汉语相应的偏正复句.
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships , which require assistance of tugboats.
罢工使远洋轮不能靠岸,因为靠岸需要拖船的帮助
Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective government.
中国派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定
My uncle , who will be seventy tomorrow , is still a keen sportsman .
尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了,但他仍然热衷于户外运动