分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。现在分词一般有主动、进行的意思，过去分词一般有被动、完成的意思。分词（短语）在剧中可以起四大成分作用：表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。
1.常用来作表语：（在这样用时，现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词多表示主语所处的状态）
The problem is quite pressing.
这问题很紧迫。
The food smells inviting.
这个菜香味怡人。
The door remained locked.
门依然锁着。
She looked disappointed.
她显得很失望。
2.常用来作定语：（分单个或短语两种情况）
（1）单个分词作定语时，放在所修饰词的前面，如：
| touching story动人的故事
running water自来水 biting wind刺骨寒风 coming week下周 everlasting friendship永恒友谊 |
guided missile导弹
armed forces武装部队 boiled water开水 steamed bread馒头 stricken area灾区 |
（2）分词短语作定语时，要放在所修饰词的后面，在意思上和一个定语从句差不多：
Who is the comrade standing (=that is standing) by the door?
站在门口的那位同志是谁？
They built a highway leading (=which leads) into the mountains.
他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。
Is there anything planned (=that has been planned) for tonight?
今晚有什么活动吗？
They are problems left (=which have been left) over by history.
这些是历史遗留下来的问题。
3.常用来作状语：
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
我们依靠自己的力量把这些困难都克服了。
We worked there for a week, helping them to get in what.
我们在那儿劳动了一周，帮助他们收麦子。
Built in 1192,the bridge is over 700 years old.
这座桥是一一九二年建造的，已经有七百多年的历史了。
Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep.
他专心致志于这项工作，到了废寝忘食的地步。
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.
由于旅途劳累他很快就睡着了。
4.分词可以在see, watch, hear, feel, have, make, notice, keep, get, find等动词后与宾语构成复合宾语：
Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然他听见有人轻轻扣窗子。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
对不起让你久等了。
She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.
她高兴地看到孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。
When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
你说话至少要让别人听懂。