3.强调:
强调是一种修辞方式,如前面所说的"倒装"就是一种重要的强调手段。
此外,还可以借助助词进行强调,例如:
She did come yesterday; I saw her in the office.
(她昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到她的。)
本讲要讨论的主要是"it is ….that…"强调句, 即:将句子中除谓语动词以外的成分(主语、宾语、状语等)用"it is ….that…"加以连接,组成强调句,如果是人,也可以用"it is… who…", 例如:
John bought a toy train for his son yesterday.(昨天约翰给他儿子买了辆玩具火车。)
强调主语:It was John who (或that)bought a toy train for his son yesterday.
强调宾语:It was a toy train that John bought for his son yesterday.
强调宾语(或目的):It was for his son that John bought a toy train yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that John bought a toy train for his son .
学习强调句要注意以下两点:
不要与主语从句相混淆,例如:
It is well known that light travels in straight lines.
(众所周至,光以直线传播。—— 主语从句)
It was not until the early 18th century that the significance of the event was generally realized.
(直到18世纪初,这一事件的意义才为公众所认识。——强调句)
强调句与主语从句的简单区分是:强调句去掉"it is…that…",句子结构依然正确,意思不变,如上句:"until the 18th century the significance of the event was not generally realized". 但是主语从句就不行,如上句:"well know that light travels in straight line"就不通, 句中 "well know" 变成了无依着的成分。
不要陷入"考试陷阱",例如:
It was not until 1943 ______ Penicillin was put into clinical use that many fatal diseases were brought under control.
A.that
B.when
C.before
D.after
看到这个题目,考生第一个反应是"强调句",很快选择了A,但是再仔细读一下,句子后面已经有"that",说明这个题目的考点不在"强调句"上,而是考"定语从句"的"关系副词"when, 故正确答案是B,A称为"干扰项".