Time in the Animal World[综合类职称英语教材]
Rhythm controls everything in Nature. 1
The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans.Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea.Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide.
2 When the moon is behind the Earth，centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day.
Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes，to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration.Since the time of the dinosaurs，the king crab has been laying eggs1 at the seaside in a set way2.To avoid predator fish3，the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand.In the following two months，the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon4.When the second spring tide comes，the young king crabs have matured. 3
Most of the mammals，either the giant elephant or the small shrew，have the same average total number of heartbeats in their lifetime.Shrews live only for two and a half years,and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo.Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats5 throughout their life.The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute，and a life span6 of 60 years.The size of the body determines the speed of life. 4
As we get older，our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body.The elderly spend more time resting，and do few sports. 5 For a child，a week is seen as a long time.
词汇：
rhythm n.节奏
slap v.拍击
exert v.施加
gravitational adj.重力作用的
centrifugal adj.离心力的
strand v.使搁浅
dehydration n.脱水
dinosaur n.恐龙
king crab n.鲎
predator n.食肉动物
shrew n.鼩鼱
tempo n.节奏，速度
pulse n.脉搏
span n.跨度
physiological adj.生理的
注释：
1. laying eggs：产卵
2. in a set way：以一种固有的方式
3. Predator fish：食肉鱼
4. Undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon：经受与月亮周期有关的巨大变化。 related to the cycles of the moon是过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰changes。
5. Eight hundred million heartbeats：8亿次心跳
6. life span：一生
练习：
A For an adult，time goes fast year by year.
B It controls，for example，the flapping of birds’wings，the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.
C The larger the animal is，the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.
D The tide goes out when the mood moves away and its attraction is weaker.
E We always tend to think a11 the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.
F The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.
答案：1.B 2.D 3.F 4.C 5.A