The Body Thieves
In the early nineteenth century in Britain, many improvements were being made in the world of medicine. Doctors and surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about the human body. Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable. However, surgeons had one problem. They needed dead bodies to cut up, or dissect （解剖）. This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body, and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.
The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people called "body snatchers". They went into graveyards （墓地） at night and, using wooden shovels to make less noise, dug up any recently buried bodies. Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them. A body could be sold for between ￡5 and ￡10, which was a lot of money at that time. The doctors who paid the body snatchers had an agreement with them－they never asked any questions. They did not desire to know where the bodies came from, as long as they kept arriving.
The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig up bodies from graveyards. They got greedy and thought of an easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up, they killed the poorer guests in Hare's small hotel. Dr Knox, the respected surgeon they worked for, never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled （勒死）.
For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because, unsurprisingly, the bodies of their victims were never found by the police. They were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829. The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged. Appropriately, his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table, just like his victims. In one small way, justice was done.
Now, over 150 years later, surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills. However, the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome （令人毛骨悚然的） help.
11 The problem facing British surgeons in the early 19th century was that
A some illnesses remained incurable.
B few people were willing to work as surgeons.
C medical expenses were too high.
D dead bodies were not easily available.
12 The body snatchers used wooden shovels because
A they did not wish to spoil the dead bodies.
B they wanted to keep the bodies to themselves.
C they were afraid of being caught.
D they were careful not to disturb anyone.
13 Burke and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that
A they got other people to dig up bodies for them.
B they sold the bodies only to one surgeon.
C they dug up bodies not just from graveyards.
D they resorted to murder to get bodies.
14 The bodies of Burke's and Hare's victims couldn't be found by the police because
A they had been stolen.
B they had been strangled.
C they had been dissected.
D they had been buried.
15 The body thieves contributed in their gruesome way to
A medical advancement.
B legal progress.
C social stability.
D material wealth.
【参考答案】
11. D 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A