The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women
1. Women infected with the most common form of HIV may safely use the intrauterine device (IUD)for contraception, provided they see a doctor regularly, new study findings suggest.
2. World Health Organization guidelines currently state that, in general, HIV-infected women should avoid IUDs. “Those guidelines were essentially made on theoretical concerns, and there are really very little data on what contraceptive is appropriate for HIV-infected women,3” said the lead author Dr. Charles S. Morrison in North Carolina4.
3. Morrison and colleagues gathered information on IUD-related complications at 1, 4 and 24 months after placement of the device in 636 women living in Nairobi, Kenya5. Of these women, 156 had HIV infection. Participating physicians did not know the patients’ HIV status. There was “little difference in any side effects in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that the IUD is likely an appropriate method for HIV-infected women,” Morrison said. “This is an important issue, because there are now 16 million women living with HIV and a lot of them have a critical need for contraception,” he added.
4. The researchers did find6 that women with infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia at the study’s outset were at increased risk of IUD complications, confirming current guidelines suggesting that women with sexually transmitted diseases not use IUDs.7
5. In addition, there was no difference in the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding8, at the beginning of the study compared with 4 months after the IUD was inserted, the researchers reported in the August issue of the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conversely, some studies have shown a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives.
6. “What this study suggests is that you need to avoid IUD use in women with a cervical infection but not women with HIV infection,”Morrison said. “Women with cervical infections are at increased risk of complications: women with HIV infection are not.”
词汇：
intrauterine 子宫内的 outset 开头，最初 contraception 节育，避孕
cervix .颈，宫颈(pl. cervices 或 cervixes) contraceptive 避孕的; n.避孕工具，避孕药物
shedding 脱落物 complication 并发症
obstetrics 产科学 gonorrhea 淋病 gyn(a)ecology 妇科学
chlamydia 衣原体(pl. chlamydiae) cervical 颈的(如宫颈的)
注释:
1.IUD = IUCD (为intrauterine contraceptive device的首字母缩写)：宫内节育器
2.HIV-positive：人类免疫缺陷病毒检查阳性
HIV为human immunodeficiency virus 的首字母缩写。
3. ... and there are really very little data... for HIV-infected women...: 有关什么样的避孕物品适合于感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒妇女，资料真的很少……本句中what引导的从句是on的宾语从句。
4.North Carolina：北卡罗来纳州
5.Nairobi, Kenya：肯尼亚的内罗毕
6. ...did find...：的确发现了……did在这里用做强调的助动词。例如：Do be careful! 一定要细心!He did accomplish the task in time.他的确按时完成了任务。
7. ... confirming current guidelines... not use IUDs. ……这就进一步证实了现行指南的意见，即患有性传播疾病的妇女不应该使用宫内节育器。本句中confirming是分词，作结果状语。suggesting也是分词，作current guidelines的定语。suggesting后面that引导的是宾语从句，其谓语使用了虚拟语气，等于should not use。
8.the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding：人类免疫缺陷病毒呈阳性反应的妇女从子宫颈排出的病毒(即脱落物)数量。此处从the HIV-positive women 至compared with 4 months 是the amount of virus 的定语从句，省略了关系代词that。
练习:
1.Paragraph 2 ______
2.Paragraph 3 ______
3.Paragraph 4 ______
4.Paragraph 6 ______
A Morrison’s Survey and Findings
B Comments on Current Guidelines
C The Relation of Sexually Transmitted Diseases to IUD Complications
D The Concrete Contents of Current Guidelines