1、“…化”
现代化→modernize
市场化→marketize
地区化→regionalize
多极化→polypolarize
干部队伍的革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化。
The ranks of the cadres become more revolutionary, younger in average age, better-educated and more professionally competent.
Cadres are more revolutionary, younger, better-educated and more professional.
国际关系民主化
Democracy should be practiced in international relations.
We should practice democracy in international relations.
企业化→turn …into business institutions make…function as an enterprise
集团化→incorporate…into an enterprise
公开化→to be brought into the open
股份化→transfer…into share holding
如果两岸客运包机实现“节日化”，还可以向常态化发展。
节日化→on all festivals and holidays
常态化→
develop toward normalization
develop into a regular practice
develop and normalize/regularize this practice
2、“在…的…下”
在改革开放的推动下→Thanks to the further push by the opening-up and reform
在中国共产党的领导下→Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party
在盟友的帮助下→With its allies' help
在改革开放政策的带动下→Driven by the reform and opening-up policy
3、“是”
constitute/represent/form/prove/系表结构以外的形式
……已是世界文化遗产之一
...has been included in the World Cultural Heritage List
旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。
Tourism has demonstrated the happy wish for more knowledge, varied experience and good health.
21世纪头20年，是中国全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的重要战略机遇期，也是中国旅游业发展的有利时期。
The first 20 years of the 21st century represents an important strategic period for China to achieve all-round construction of a better-off society and to speed up its socialist modernization.
4、“对…表示赞赏”
we appreciate
we'd like to express our appreciation for…
we think highly of…
…deserve our admiration
we see something constructive/admirable/meaningful/inspiring in your…
5、正向强化 +
加强合作→strengthen cooperation
促进发展→promote development
增加机会→increase opportunities
深化改革→deepen reform
推动贸易→facilitate trade
万能动词further
6、“值得（我们）欣慰/高兴/欣喜/庆贺/的是…”
It is gratifying/delightful/pleasing/wonderful/great (for us) to know/see…
We/people are gratified/delighted/pleased/happy/glad to know/see…
7、“是…的原因”
be the instrument of
A generates/gives rise to/gives birth to/leads to/results in B
As a result/Consequently/Finally/…
各国有着不同的发展历史、文化传统、政治制度和经济模式，这是亚太地区富有发展活力的重要原因。
Countries are different in history, cultural tradition, political system and economic model, which gives the region its very vigor and vitality.
8、“问题”
problem
安全问题→security concerns/security issues/security threats
台湾问题→Taiwan issue/problem/question
根本问题→basic question
原则问题→matter of principle
找出问题→locate the fault
扬声器有问题→There is a fault in the loudspeaker.
我今天谈四个问题→I'd like to make four points today.
9、“方式”
ways/approaches
工作方式→work pattern
管理/领导方式→style of management/leadership
各种付款方式→various methods of payment
经营方式→mode of operation
生活方式→way of life/life style/mode of living
运输方式→means/forms of transport
方式更加隐蔽，手段更加残忍。
Their activities are becoming more secretive, and means more brutal.
用和平谈判的方式解决问题
solve a problem by peaceful negotiation
他做什么事都有自己的一套方式。
He has a style of his own in everything.
10、主张/坚持/提出/倡议/倡导
stand for/maintain/hold/believe/agree/put forward/propose
advocate/affirm/attest/avow/aver
主张改革→favor reforms/in favor of reforms
主张维护世界和平→stand for the maintenance of world peace
坚持全面的、历史的、发展的观点
persist in the comprehensive, historical and developmental viewpoint
倡导禁止核武器→take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons
11、“重点”
重点项目→key project
重点工作→focal point of the work
重点发展→put priority on the development of sth
重点推广→make sth the keystone of popularization
主张改革→favor reforms/in favor of reforms
重点支持生产区发展粮食生产→Support will be focused on increasing production in major grain producing areas.
12、“工作”、”现象”、“形势”
大多数美国人，尤其是少数民族，都确信美国经济制度中存在着不公正现象。
Most people in America, minority people in particular, are convinced that injustices exist in their economic system.
最高级会议的准备工作继续进行。
Preparations for the summit meeting continued.
promote innovation on a national scale
促进全国的创新工作
世界形势继续发生深刻变化。
The world is further witnessing deep changes.
13、“充分发挥/发扬”
充分发挥积极性→ give full play to one's initiative
bring one's initiative into full play
我们应当充分发扬自力更生的精神。
We should give full play to the spirit of self-reliance.
科研机构转制为企业后，将建立现代企业制度，适应市场需要，从而充分发挥其研究、开发和创新的优势。
Scientific research institutions, when transformed into enterprises, shall establish the modern enterprise system and orient/gear themselves geared to the needs of the market, giving full play to their strength in research, development and innovation.
14、“有利于…”
beneficial/conducive/advantageous/wholesome/favorable/helpful
中国将扶持有利于高新技术发展的资本市场。
China will help foster capital markets conducive to the development of high-tech industries.
15、“携手”
hand in hand/join hands/work jointly/make a concerted effort
中国的科技部门将与国际科技界和全球经济界、商界携手共建新世界的创业平台。
China's science and technology sector will work in partnership with the international community of science and technology as well as the economic and business circles of the world to build up a platform for innovation in the new century.
16、“关键”
key/decisive factor/hinge/crux
关键的一年→crucial year
关键人物→person of importance
到关键时刻→when it comes to the crunch
起关键作用→play a pivotal role
The crux of the matter is that attitudes have changed.
问题的关键是人们的态度改变了。
Now we come to the crux of the problem.
现在我们来谈问题的症结所在。
双方的谈判已到了关键时期。
The negotiations between the two sides are approaching the crisis.
17、“在…层面/方面/问题/战线上”
on + side/front/level/plane
在内部方面→on the internal side
在外交战线→on the diplomatic front
在意识形态战线→on the ideological front
在高层领导层面→on the top leadership level
在有利方面→on the plus side
在不利方面→on the minus side
在精神层面→on the spiritual plane
在物质层面→on the material plane
18、“由于…”
Thanks to/By virtue of （褒义）
Because of /Owing to/ Due to/On account of （中性）
In consequence of （贬义）
由于缺乏沟通而产生的问题→problems arising out of the lack of communication
由于时间晚了，我现在要回家了。
Since it is late, I shall go home now.
19、“流传”
谣言在街上流传。
Rumor circulated through the town.
有关他辞职的消息传得很快。
Word spread quickly about his resignation.
在中国，也流传着这样的话……
a century-old popular saying
a long-held popular view/opinion
20、“具有”
具有悠久的历史→with a long history
具有高度的责任心→possess a high sense of responsibility
具有深远的意义→have a profound historical significance
具有浓郁东方气息→possess a rich oriental flavor
具有丰富的资源和众多的人口→boast abundant resources and populations
具有法律义务承担责任→under the legal obligation to undertake the responsibility
21、“适应”
adapt to/be accustomed to/fit in with
中国地毯业在保持中华民族传统特色的同时，还将在融汇东西方文化的精粹和适应国际流行色调上下功夫。
这里的“适应”并不是指“中国地毯也怎样从不适应走向适应”，而是指“怎样跟上国际流行色调”、“怎样与国际流行色调保持同步”，或者“怎么迎合国际流行色调的品味”，因此可译为：
to keep up with international fashions in color and tone
to conform to international fashions in color and tone
to gear to internationally prevalent colors and tones
22、“精粹”/ “精华”/ “精髓”
古典文学精髓→quintessence/cream of classical literature
马克思主义精髓→pith and marrow of Marxism
概括文章的精华→sum up the gist of an article
取其精华，去其糟粕→select the essence and discard the gross
他们是这一代人中的精华→They are the cream/pick of this generation.
日月之精华→radiance of the sun and moon
文章必须短小而精粹→The article must be short and succinct.
中国地毯业在保持中华民族传统特色的同时，还将在融汇东西方文化的精粹和适应国际流行色调上下功夫。
blending/merging the picks of Oriental and Occidental cultures
23、“什么”
两岸对话和谈判即可恢复，而且什么问题都可以谈。
we can talk about any issue
any issue can be talked about/discussed
There will be no limitations to the kind of issues in our talks.
No limitations will be set to the issues in our talks.
We will set no limitations to the issues to be discussed in the two-party talks.
24、“轨道”
我们希望台湾当局早日回到“九二共识”的轨道上来。
We hope that Taiwan authorities could return to the course of the “1992 Consensus” at an early rate.
path
course/track
他们设法使自己国家的经济走上正轨。
They tried to put their country's economy on course.
双方都像使他们的谈判沿着正确的轨道进行。
Both sides want to put their talks on the right track.
25、“方针”
……寄希望于台湾人民的方针决不改变。
policy
guidelines/guiding principle
Our guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people will remain unchanged.
Never change the guiding principle of placing hope on Taiwan people.
26、“分隔”
“台独”分裂势力越是想把台湾同胞同我们分隔开来，我们就越是要更紧密地团结台湾同胞。
separate/divide
isolate/insulate
The more the “Taiwan independence” secessionist forces try to insulate Taiwan compatriots from us, the more closely we will try to unite with them.
27、“没有”
如果没有西方的价值观体系，就没有任何社会可以真正地实现现代化。
if there is no Western value system
without the Western value system
Without embracing the Western value system, no society in the world would ever be able to achieve modernization.
28、“陆续”
代表陆续到达上海。
The delegates arrived in Shanghai one after another.
好消息接二连三地陆续传来。
Good news came to us in succession.
我们将进一步陆续出台解决台湾同胞关心的问题、维护台湾同胞正当权益的政策措施。
We will make further efforts to introduce policies and measures from time to time to address issues that Taiwan compatriots are concerned with and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
29、“解决”
我们将进一步陆续出台解决台湾同胞关心的问题、维护台湾同胞正当权益的政策措施。
We will make further efforts to introduce policies and measures from time to time to address issues that Taiwan compatriots are concerned with and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
solve/settle/resolve
30、“热衷于”
许多西方学者热衷于探讨不同文明的关系。
evince a strong passion for
crave
be fond of
be keen on
have shown/demonstrate/displayed/taken deep/strong/keen interest in
He hankers after personal fame and gain.
他热衷于追名逐利。
他们热衷于溜冰。
They are fond of skating.
31、“思想”
孔子的“仁政”和“和而不同”思想，对于一个国家的治国者，不能说是没有意义的。
Confucius' idea of “benevolent governance” and his concept of “being harmonious while remaining different” are of great significance to any leader of a country.
thought/thinking/idea/ideology
对外改革开放的思想→the idea of the reform and opening-up to the outside world
有中国特色的市场经济思想→the concept of a market economy with Chinese characteristics
32、“涉外”
concerning foreign affairs or foreign nationals
involving/related to foreign nationals and countries
涉外工作→working involving foreign countries or foreign nationals
涉外问题→issues related to foreign countries or foreign nationals
涉外经济法规→laws and regulations governing business relations with foreign organizations and individuals
涉外饭店→hotels designated for accommodating foreigners
涉外经济合同→an economic contract involving a foreign partner/party
33、“根据”
根据本条例→in accordance/accord with the spirit of this regulations
根据合同使用劳动力→use labor on a contract basis
根据具体情况→in the light of the circumstances
根据先例→based on precedents
根据重量→by weight
根据现行中国法律→under the existing Chinese law
毫无根据→be utterly groundless
她的怀疑是有充分根据的→There is great cause for her suspicion.